Foot Arches and Synovial Joints Quiz

Foot Arches

• The transverse arch is the medial-lateral curvature of the midfoot
• The longitudinal arch is relatively flat
• Hallux valgus is the condition where the great toe points towards the second toe
• Pes cavus occurs when the medial longitudinal arch is abnormally raised

Synovial Joints

• Synovial joints are characterized by articular cartilage, synovial fluid, a joint capsule and ligaments
• Ball-and-socket joints allow free movement in all directions
• The elbow is an example of a hinge joint
• The first two cervical vertebrae (C1 and C2) form a pivot joint
• Synovial fluid acts as lubrication, provides nourishment, and acts as shock absorption
• Ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, and plane joints are types of synovial joints
• The shoulder is an example of a ball-and-socket joint
• The radius and ulna form a pivot joint
• Abduction is the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
• The carpal bones in the hand are synovial (typically plane) joints
• Sutures of the skull are examples of an immovable joint
• The joint between the femur and the tibia is a hinge joint
• The pubic symphysis is an example of a cartilaginous joint
• Adduction is the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

Humerus Structures

• The head, greater and lesser tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, trochlea, capitulum, and epicondyles are structures found on the humerus
• The capitulum is located on the lateral side of the distal end and articulates with the radius

Carpal Bones

• Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate are the carpal bones

Hand Bones

• Each hand contains five metacarpals
• Each hand contains fourteen phalangeal bones: three in each finger and two in the thumb

Olecranon

• The olecranon is located on the ulna

Carpal Tunnel

• The carpal bones and flexor retinaculum make up the carpal tunnel

Pelvis

• Two coxal (hip) bones make up the pelvic girdle
• The coxal bones articulate with the sacrum
• The pubic symphysis connects the pubic bones anteriorly
• The ilium, ischium, and pubis make up the hip bone
• The ischium is located on the lower and back part of the pelvis
• The three separate hip bones fuse at the acetabulum

Other Bones

• The zygomatic arch is made of the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) and the temporal bone
• Seven bones make up the eye orbit
• The zygomatic bone protects the eyeball from damage in case of trauma
• The sternum is made up of the manubrium (uppermost), body/gladiolus (central), and xiphoid process (small, pointed lower portion)
• Scoliosis is the abnormal curvature of the spine resulting in excessive lateral curvature
• Lordosis is the abnormal curvature of the spine resulting in excessive extension of the lumbar region

Appendicular Skeleton

• Clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, coxal (hip) bones, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals make up the appendicular skeleton

Pectoral Girdle

• The clavicle and scapula make up the pectoral girdle

Scapula Structures

• The glenoid cavity, acromion, coracoid process, and spine are structures found on the scapula
• The acromial end of the clavicle attaches to the acromion of the scapula

Upper Extremity Bones

• The humerus is part of the upper extremity

Test your knowledge on foot arches and synovial joints with this informative quiz. Explore the differences between transverse and longitudinal arches, and learn about various types of synovial joints like ball-and-socket and hinge joints. Perfect for anatomy students!