Human Anatomy Study Guide PDF

Chapter 7-8-9 study guide Chapter 7 **Partner 1** How many bones make up the axial skeletal system? **80 bones** How many cervical vertebrae are found in the human body? **7 cervical, labeled C1 to c7** The dens is found on which vertebrae? **2^nd^cervical vertebra axis (c2)** The atlas is als...

Chapter 7-8-9 study guide Chapter 7 **Partner 1** How many bones make up the axial skeletal system? **80 bones** How many cervical vertebrae are found in the human body? **7 cervical, labeled C1 to c7** The dens is found on which vertebrae? **2^nd^cervical vertebra axis (c2)** The atlas is also identified as what vertebrae? **first cervical vertebra, or C1** How many pairs of ribs are found in the human body? **The human body has 12 pairs of ribs, totaling 24 ribs.** Which bone forms the back of the skull and protects the brain? **occipital bone.** The hyoid bone is located in which region of the body? **Neck region** Which vertebrae region contains the largest number of vertebrae**? Lumbar region** How many bones are there in the adult human skeleton? **206 bones** Name some facial bones: ** Nasal bones** ** Maxillae (upper jaw)** ** Zygomatic bones (cheekbones)** ** Mandible (lower jaw)** ** Palatine bones** ** acrimal bones** ** Inferior nasal conchae** ** Vomer** **Partner 2** What are fontanelles? **Fontanelles are the soft spots on a baby\'s skull** Which bone articulates with the sternum anteriorly and the scapula laterally? **clavicle, commonly known as the collarbone.** The sphenoid bone is located in which part of the body? **in the skull, specifically in the middle part of the cranial base.** The bone that forms the forehead and the superior part of the eye sockets is called what**? Frontal bone** The thoracic vertebrae articulate with what? **The ribs** The bony structure that forms the anterior portion of the hard palate is the: **maxilla** Which vertebrae would have the largest/thickest vertebral body?' **The lumbar vertebrae,** particularly the L5 vertebra The bone that forms the back of the heel is called the: **calcaneus**. The bone that forms the lower jaw is called what? **mandible**. The only moveable bone in the skull is the ? **mandible** Which bone is considered the foundation or 'Keystone' for the skull? **sphenoid bone**. **Partner 3**  This vertebrae has the longest spinous processes? **thoracic vertebrae**, particularly the T7 to T10 vertebrae. The bones that make up the shoulder girdle are what? **clavicle** (collarbone) and the **scapula** (shoulder blade). This suture separates the left and right parietal bones. **sagittal suture**. This suture separates the occipital bone from the parietal bones. **lambdoid suture**. The zygomatic arch is made up of which two bones? **zygomatic bone** (cheekbone) and the **temporal bone** The eye orbit is made up of **seven** bones. If you get hit with a baseball in the eye region, what bony structure will BEST protect your eyeball from being damaged. **zygomatic bone** (cheekbone) What three bones make up the sternum? ** Manubrium** -- the uppermost portion. ** Body (or gladiolus)** -- the central part.  **Xiphoid process** -- the small, pointed lower portion. The abnormal curvature of the spine resulting in an excessive lateral curvature is called **scoliosis**.. The abnormal curvature of the spine resulting in an excessive extension of the lumbar region is known as **lordosis** Chapter 8  **Partner 1** +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Name bones of the appendicular skeleton? **Clavicle, scapula, | | humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, coxal (hip) | | bones, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals.** | +=======================================================================+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The pectoral girdle consists of which of the following bones? | | **Clavicle and scapula.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The pelvic girdle is composed of which bones? **Two coxal (hip) | | bones** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The clavicle is commonly known as the**: Collarbone.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | What structures are found on the scapula? **Glenoid cavity, acromion, | | coracoid process, spine.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The acromial end of the clavicle attaches to what bone? **Scapula | | (acromion**). | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The upper extremity includes which bone? **Humerus.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Which structures are found on the humerus? **Head, greater and lesser | | tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, trochlea, capitulum, epicondyles.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The capitulum is located on the humerus? Describe the location. | | **Lateral side of the distal end, articulates with the radius.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Name the carpal bones? **Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, | | trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | How many metacarpals are found in each hand? **five** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | How many phalangeal bones are found in each hand**? Fourteen (three | | in each finger, two in the thumb).** | | | | **Partner 2** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The olecranon is located on which bone? **On the ulna.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | What structures make up the Carpal Tunnel**? Carpal bones and flexor | | retinaculum**. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The two coxal (hip) bones articulate with which part of the vertebral | | column? **Sacrum**. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | What structure connects the pubic bones anteriorly? **Pubic | | symphysis**. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | What are the three parts of a hip bone? **Ilium, ischium, pubis**. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The ischium is located where on the pelvis**? Lower and back part.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The three separate hip bones fuse together at this bony structure? | | **Acetabulum.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The longest and strongest bone in the human body what? **Femur.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Where is the tibia located at? **Medial side of the lower leg.** | | | | Where is the fibula located at? **Lateral side of the lower leg.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The bone that forms the heel of the foot is called the: | | **Calcaneus.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The lateral malleolus is found on what bone? **On the fibula.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | How many tarsal bone bones are found in each lower extremity? | | **Seven.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Partner 3** | | | | The TRUE pelvis is also known as what? **Lesser pelvis** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The True Pelvis contains the bladder and internal reproductive | | organs. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Describe the female pelvis: **Wider, shallower, larger pelvic inlet, | | wider subpubic angle.** | | | | Describe the male pelvis: **Narrower, deeper, smaller pelvic inlet, | | more acute subpubic angle.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Which structure/s are located on the superior part of the Tibial | | bone? **Medial and lateral condyles, intercondylar eminence** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | - Name the tarsal bones?  **Talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, | | medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform.** | | | |  | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | This arch of the foot is best described as 'medial-lateral curvature | | of the midfoot'. **Transverse arch.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | This arch of the foot is best described as being 'relatively flat'**: | | Longitudinal arch.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The condition in which the great toe points towards the second toe: | | **Hallux valgus**. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The condition in which the medial longitudinal arch is abnormally | | raised: **Pes cavus.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Chapter 9 What are the characteristics of synovial joints? **Articular cartilage, synovial fluid, joint capsule, ligaments.** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Which joint allows free movement in all directions? **Ball-and-socket joint.** What is an example of a hinge joint? **Elbow** The first two cervical vertebrae (C1 and C2) is an example of what type of joint? **Pivot joint** Name a function of synovial fluid: **Lubrication, nourishment, shock absorption.** Name a type of synovial joint? **Ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, etc.** What type of joint is the shoulder joint? **Ball-and-socket joint.** What type of joint is the radius and ulna (forearm)? **Pivot joint.** The movement of a body part away from the midline of the body is called what**? Abduction**. The carpal bone in the hand is what type of joint? **Synovial (typically plane joint)** Give an example of an immovable joint: **Sutures of the skull.** The joint between the femur and the tibia is an example of a **Hinge joint.** What is an example of a cartilaginous joint? **Pubic symphysis.** The movement of a body part toward the midline of the body is called what? **Adduction.** What is an example of a ball and socket joint? **Hip joint** The movement that increases the angle between two bones is called what? **extension** What are the characteristics of fibrous joints**? Connected by dense connective tissue; generally immovable.** The ligament that connects the two hip bones with the sacrum helping to stabilize the pelvis is called what? **Sacroiliac ligament.** What type of joint would be slightly movable? **Cartilaginous joint** What joint allows for the greatest range of motion? **Ball-and-socket joint.** The movement that turns the palm of the hand facing upward is called what? **Supination.** What is a type of synovial joint? **Examples include ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, etc.**