T2 L8: Introduction to surgery of the hand (CW)
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle unites with the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to form the Achilles tendon?

  • Plantaris (correct)
  • Peroneus longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Tibialis anterior

What is the approximate length of the Achilles tendon?

  • 10 cm
  • 5 cm
  • 15 cm (correct)
  • 20 cm

Which term is used to describe walking on the soles of the foot in a balanced tripod position?

  • Structurally normal
  • Functionally normal
  • Plantigrade (correct)
  • Painless

Which section of the foot and ankle is divided into hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the abnormal valgus position of the hindfoot?

<p>Pronation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical technique involves cleaning up the area of a tendon?

<p>Debridement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical technique involves the indirect repair of ligaments?

<p>Indirect repair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical technique involves the cutting and realignment of bone?

<p>Osteotomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Achilles tendon?

<p>Plantarflexion of the foot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Achilles tendon vulnerable to pathology?

<p>It is prone to excessive pronation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tendon is used for Achilles tendon transfer surgery?

<p>Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical approach to the Tibialis Posterior tendon?

<p>Supine position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of the Tibialis Posterior tendon?

<p>Plantarflexion of the ankle joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the presenting symptoms/signs of Tibialis Posterior insufficiency?

<p>Progressive flat foot deformity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical treatment option for Tibialis Posterior insufficiency?

<p>Reconstruction (tendon transfer) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical management option for ankle arthritis in the 'late' disease stage?

<p>Arthrodesis (fusion) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical approach used for ankle arthrodesis (fusion)?

<p>Anterior Approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for ankle arthroplasty?

<p>Pain relief (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What artery supplies the Achilles tendon?

<p>Posterior Tibial Artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weakest area of blood supply in the Achilles tendon?

<p>Calcaneal attachment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is commonly injured in ankle sprains?

<p>Anterior talofibular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of hallux valgus?

<p>Pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for an acute lateral ligament sprain?

<p>RICE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anterior drawer test?

<p>To assess ankle stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for diagnosing chronic instability?

<p>Clinical reassessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common surgical treatment for hallux valgus?

<p>Osteotomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dorsomedial approach to the great toe?

<p>To divide fascia and periosteum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key to an accurate diagnosis of ankle injuries?

<p>History taking and examination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the treatment of hallux valgus?

<p>Non-surgical options (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered if the tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) joint or the calcaneocuboid joint (CCJ) is involved?

<p>Pantalar arthrodesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is generally constant at the tip of the index finger?

<p>Median nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome?

<p>Loss of sensation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for the opposition of the thumb?

<p>Opponent pollicis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the human hand have over other primates?

<p>Ability to rotate the thumb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is commonly involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?

<p>Tendons for the fingers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

<p>Median nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

<p>Numbness and tingling in the fingers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can result in a closed injury where a tendon pulls off the bone?

<p>Jersey finger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome?

<p>Division of the flexor tendon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of trigger fingers?

<p>Change in tendon direction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment options are available for trigger fingers?

<p>Surgery, decompression of the sheath, steroid injections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are commonly affected in tendon injuries?

<p>Tendons and nerves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by thickening of the bands in the palm and pulling of the fingers down over time?

<p>Dupuytren's disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk factor for Dupuytren's disease?

<p>Genetics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle tendons in the hand are responsible for bending the middle joints of the fingers?

<p>Superficial tendons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique characteristic of the deep tendons in the hand?

<p>They arise from bony attachments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of tissue anchors the skin down to the skeleton of the hand?

<p>The Palmer fascia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Palmer fascia in gripping objects?

<p>It tightens the skin down onto whatever you're gripping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the Palmer fascia is absent?

<p>The skin would move around when picking something up (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the hand is the Palmer fascia located?

<p>On the palm side (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for actively bending the metacarpal pharyngeal joints?

<p>Flexor digitorum profundus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of wobbliness in the end of the middle finger when bending it?

<p>Activation of the superficial tendon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finger do orthopaedic trainees commonly mistake as the one that is messed up when examining a hand injury?

<p>Ring finger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distribution of nerve supply in the hand?

<p>Thumb and index finger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle(s) have a dual insertion?

<p>Proximal phalanx base and extensor tendon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the muscles with a dual insertion?

<p>Extension of the fingers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint(s) do the muscles with a dual insertion contribute to the flexion movement?

<p>MCP joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the muscles' insertion into the extensor tendon?

<p>Extension of the proximal and pharyngeal joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the additional functions of the muscles with a dual insertion?

<p>Fine control of the fingers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint(s) benefit from the muscles' insertion into the extensor tendon?

<p>MCP and PIP joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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