T2 L8: Introduction to surgery of the hand (CW)
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle unites with the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to form the Achilles tendon?

  • Plantaris (correct)
  • Peroneus longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Tibialis anterior
  • What is the approximate length of the Achilles tendon?

  • 10 cm
  • 5 cm
  • 15 cm (correct)
  • 20 cm
  • Which term is used to describe walking on the soles of the foot in a balanced tripod position?

  • Structurally normal
  • Functionally normal
  • Plantigrade (correct)
  • Painless
  • Which section of the foot and ankle is divided into hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the abnormal valgus position of the hindfoot?

    <p>Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical technique involves cleaning up the area of a tendon?

    <p>Debridement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical technique involves the indirect repair of ligaments?

    <p>Indirect repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical technique involves the cutting and realignment of bone?

    <p>Osteotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Achilles tendon?

    <p>Plantarflexion of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Achilles tendon vulnerable to pathology?

    <p>It is prone to excessive pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendon is used for Achilles tendon transfer surgery?

    <p>Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical approach to the Tibialis Posterior tendon?

    <p>Supine position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of the Tibialis Posterior tendon?

    <p>Plantarflexion of the ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the presenting symptoms/signs of Tibialis Posterior insufficiency?

    <p>Progressive flat foot deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical treatment option for Tibialis Posterior insufficiency?

    <p>Reconstruction (tendon transfer)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical management option for ankle arthritis in the 'late' disease stage?

    <p>Arthrodesis (fusion)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical approach used for ankle arthrodesis (fusion)?

    <p>Anterior Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main indication for ankle arthroplasty?

    <p>Pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What artery supplies the Achilles tendon?

    <p>Posterior Tibial Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weakest area of blood supply in the Achilles tendon?

    <p>Calcaneal attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is commonly injured in ankle sprains?

    <p>Anterior talofibular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of hallux valgus?

    <p>Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial treatment for an acute lateral ligament sprain?

    <p>RICE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the anterior drawer test?

    <p>To assess ankle stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for diagnosing chronic instability?

    <p>Clinical reassessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common surgical treatment for hallux valgus?

    <p>Osteotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dorsomedial approach to the great toe?

    <p>To divide fascia and periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to an accurate diagnosis of ankle injuries?

    <p>History taking and examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the treatment of hallux valgus?

    <p>Non-surgical options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered if the tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) joint or the calcaneocuboid joint (CCJ) is involved?

    <p>Pantalar arthrodesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is generally constant at the tip of the index finger?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Loss of sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for the opposition of the thumb?

    <p>Opponent pollicis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does the human hand have over other primates?

    <p>Ability to rotate the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is commonly involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Tendons for the fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Numbness and tingling in the fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can result in a closed injury where a tendon pulls off the bone?

    <p>Jersey finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Division of the flexor tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of trigger fingers?

    <p>Change in tendon direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment options are available for trigger fingers?

    <p>Surgery, decompression of the sheath, steroid injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are commonly affected in tendon injuries?

    <p>Tendons and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by thickening of the bands in the palm and pulling of the fingers down over time?

    <p>Dupuytren's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk factor for Dupuytren's disease?

    <p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle tendons in the hand are responsible for bending the middle joints of the fingers?

    <p>Superficial tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique characteristic of the deep tendons in the hand?

    <p>They arise from bony attachments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of tissue anchors the skin down to the skeleton of the hand?

    <p>The Palmer fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Palmer fascia in gripping objects?

    <p>It tightens the skin down onto whatever you're gripping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the Palmer fascia is absent?

    <p>The skin would move around when picking something up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hand is the Palmer fascia located?

    <p>On the palm side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for actively bending the metacarpal pharyngeal joints?

    <p>Flexor digitorum profundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of wobbliness in the end of the middle finger when bending it?

    <p>Activation of the superficial tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finger do orthopaedic trainees commonly mistake as the one that is messed up when examining a hand injury?

    <p>Ring finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution of nerve supply in the hand?

    <p>Thumb and index finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle(s) have a dual insertion?

    <p>Proximal phalanx base and extensor tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the muscles with a dual insertion?

    <p>Extension of the fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint(s) do the muscles with a dual insertion contribute to the flexion movement?

    <p>MCP joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the muscles' insertion into the extensor tendon?

    <p>Extension of the proximal and pharyngeal joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the additional functions of the muscles with a dual insertion?

    <p>Fine control of the fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint(s) benefit from the muscles' insertion into the extensor tendon?

    <p>MCP and PIP joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

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