Foot and Ankle Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What anatomical structure is primarily responsible for limiting arthrokinematic motion in the foot and ankle?

  • Achilles tendon
  • Lateral malleolus
  • Plantar fascia
  • Talocrural joint (correct)

Which of the following conditions is directly related to the presence of a dropped arch?

  • Knee Osteoarthritis
  • Hallux Valgus
  • Pes Cavus
  • Pes Planus (correct)

In terms of muscle activity, which muscle group is most involved in osteokinematic motion of the ankle during dorsiflexion?

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Tibialis anterior (correct)
  • Peroneus longus

How does the convex-concave principle apply to arthrokinematic motion in the ankle joint?

<p>Concave moves toward convex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What biomechanical consideration is often associated with foot deformities like pes cavus?

<p>Increased ankle supination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the foot/ankle during the stance phase of gait?

<p>To serve as a mobile adaptor and a rigid lever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joints primarily allow for plantarflexion and dorsiflexion?

<p>Talocrural joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common injuries affect the foot and ankle?

<p>Ankle injuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which motions are combined during supination and pronation of the foot?

<p>Inversion and eversion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in the osteokinematic motion focus?

<p>Attachments of muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure limits or causes arthrokinematic motion in the foot and ankle?

<p>Tendons and ligaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the number of bones in the foot/ankle?

<p>26 bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the axes involved in foot motion?

<p>They are oblique in nature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Foot/Ankle Function

The foot and ankle act as a mobile adaptor and rigid lever during gait, within one second.

Ankle Injuries

Common orthopedic injuries affecting the ankle

Talocrural Joint

Joint between tibia, fibula, and talus; responsible for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion (up and down movement).

Subtalar Joint

Joint between talus and calcaneus; responsible for inversion and eversion (side-to-side movement).

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Osteokinematics

The movement of bones around a joint; the overall movement.

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Arthrokinematics

The way bones move on each other at the joint; specific joint surface interactions.

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Plantarflexion

Movement of the foot downwards (toes pointing down).

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Dorsiflexion

Movement of the foot upwards (toes pointing up).

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Osteokinematic Motion

The overall, observable movement of a joint.

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Arthrokinematic Motion

The subtle, microscopic movement of joint surfaces.

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Foot/Ankle Joints & Axes

The specific joints and their axes (e.g., sagittal, frontal, transverse) found in the foot and ankle.

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Anatomy Limiting Arthrokinematics

Structures (bones, ligaments, etc.) that restrict or allow joint movements (arthrokinematics).

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Foot Deformities & Knee/Hip Pain

Conditions like pes planus (flat feet) and pes cavus (high arches) can influence movement through the kinetic chain (knee and hip pain).

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Study Notes

Foot/Ankle Overview

  • The foot and ankle are a complex system of 26 bones and 34 joints.
  • Functionally, the foot acts as a mobile adaptor and a rigid lever during the stance phase of gait, all within a second.
  • Ankle injuries are common orthopedic injuries.
  • Arches, muscles, and ligaments work together to enable key foot and ankle functions.

How to Organize? (Page 2, 4, 12, 19, 22, 27)

  • Clinical scenario/problem
  • Focus on osteokinematic motion and attachments.
  • Muscle activity involved in osteokinematics
  • Bony palpations/anatomy/moment arms
  • Anatomy limiting/causing arthrokinematic motion
  • Physical examination/palpations (LAB)
  • Biomechanical considerations
  • Clinical scenario/solution

Osteokinematics: Plantarflexion (Page 5)

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Peroneus longus
  • Peroneus brevis
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus

Osteokinematics: Dorsiflexion (Page 6)

  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Peroneus tertius

Osteokinematics: Eversion (Page 7)

  • Peroneus longus
  • Peroneus brevis
  • Peroneus tertius
  • Extensor digitorum longus

Osteokinematics: Inversion (Page 8)

  • Tibialis anterior
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus

Osteokinematics: Abduction/Adduction (Page 9)

  • Abduction
  • Adduction

Osteokinematics: Supination/Pronation (Page 10)

  • Supination
  • Pronation

Actual Axes/Oblique (Page 11, 13)

  • Oblique axis is applied movement definitions, based on movements occurring perpendicular to the standard axis.
  • Three standard axes of rotation: Vertical, anterior-posterior (AP), and medial-lateral (ML

Joints: Talocrural, Subtalar, Transverse Tarsal (Pages 14, 15)

  • Talocrural joint: articulation between tibia, fibula, and talus
  • Subtalar joint: articulation between talus and calcaneus
  • Transverse tarsal joint: articulation between talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid

Joints: Talocrural-Plantar/Dorsiflexion (Page 17)

  • Cardinal longitudinal axis of the foot
  • Subtalar joint axis
  • Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion (ML axis)
  • Eversion/inversion (AP axis)
  • Abduction/adduction (vertical axis)

Joints: Subtalar (Inversion/Eversion) (Page 18)

  • Cardinal longitudinal axis of the foot
  • Inversion/eversion (AP axis)

Anatomy limiting/causing arthrokinematic motion (Page 20, 21)

  • Deltoid ligament (tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal) fibers.
  • Anterior talofibular ligament
  • Calcaneofibular ligament
  • Posterior talofibular ligament.
  • Movements/stretches.

Clinical Scenario (Page 3, 28)

  • Patient is Chaz Michaels.
  • Patient has plantar fasciitis.
  • Chaz is nervous about performing the examination, but is prepared for examination process including:
    • rearfoot and forefoot relationship.
    • examination for intrinsic muscle strength and extrinsic muscle flexibility.
    • finding if excessive pronation is present.
    • performing a deep palpation on the medial calcaneal tubercle for a positive reaction.
    • asking about possible increased activity levels and any changes in shoes or surfaces patient exercises on.

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Related Documents

Foot/Ankle Lecture Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and biomechanics of the foot and ankle. This quiz covers key functions, osteokinematics related to plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, and associated muscle activities. Perfect for those studying orthopedic concepts and kinesiology.

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