IFS-2 Comprehensive Exam: Foot and Ankle Joints

The Dorsalis Pedis Artery is a vital part of the foot's arterial circulation. It is a branch of the Anterior Tibial Artery and helps provide blood flow to the foot.

Situated in the foot, the Medial Plantar Nerve is a vital branch of the Tibial Nerve, crucial for controlling muscles and sensations in this area.

A main artery supplying the foot, the Posterior Tibial Artery runs through the posterior compartment of the leg. It branches into the Medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries.

The Lateral Plantar Nerve branches from the Tibial Nerve and heads towards the outside of your foot, taking responsibility for controlling certain muscles and sensations there.

This nerve is involved in providing sensation to the outer part of the foot. It branches off from the Tibial Nerve, and its path goes beneath the outer ankle bone.

The Deep Fibular Nerve, coming from the common fibular nerve, controls muscles involved in foot movement and sensation. It travels along the shin bone (tibia) then reaches your foot's top side.

The Superficial Fibular Nerve controls muscles that aid in foot motions. It begins near the outer ankle bone (fibula), then becomes located beneath the skin.

This nerve starts near the shin bone (tibia), supplying signals to muscles involved in foot motion. It descends down until it reaches your foot's inner part.

The joint formed between the tibia, fibula, and talus.

The joint between the talus and calcaneus, responsible for inversion and eversion movements of the foot.

A complex joint formed by the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints, acting as a primary stabilizer for uneven terrain.

The joint between the talus and navicular bones, contributing to inversion and eversion.

The joint between the calcaneus and cuboid bones, playing a role in inversion and eversion.

The joint between the navicular and calcaneus bones.

The joint formed between the cuneiform bones (1-3) and the navicular bone.

The joint between the cuneiform bones (1-3) and metatarsals 1-3, or the cuboid and metatarsals 4-5, providing stability for push-off during walking.

Joints formed between the bases of metatarsals 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 4/5.

The joint between the distal end of the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges of the toes, allowing for flexion and extension of the toes.

A ligament in the ankle that helps to stabilize the joint during inversion, or turning the foot inwards. It is the most commonly injured ligament in the ankle.

A ligament in the ankle that helps to stabilize the joint during inversion and helps prevent the ankle from rolling inward. If there is a severe enough injury the fibula may be pulled off.

A ligament in the ankle that helps to stabilize the joint during inversion, but it is less commonly injured than the Anterior Talofibular Ligament.

A ligament in the ankle that helps to stabilize the joint during inversion and is least commonly injured during an inversion sprain.

A ligament group in the ankle that helps to stabilize the joint during eversion, or turning the foot outwards.

A ligament within the medial ankle that helps to stabilize the joint during eversion, or turning the foot outwards.

A ligament within the medial ankle that helps to stabilize the joint during eversion, or turning the foot outwards.

A ligament within the medial ankle that helps to stabilize the joint during eversion, or turning the foot outwards.

A ligament within the medial ankle that helps to stabilize the joint during eversion, or turning the foot outwards.

A ligament on the bottom of the foot that helps to support the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot.

A ligament in the foot that helps to support the lateral longitudinal arch on the bottom of the foot.

A ligament in the foot that helps to support the medial longitudinal arch, or the arch on the inside of the foot.

A movement of the ankle that involves dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction. It occurs in an open chain movement meaning the foot is not fixed on the ground.

A movement of the ankle that involves plantarflexion, inversion, and adduction. It occurs in an open chain movement meaning the foot is not fixed on the ground.

A movement of the ankle that involves the distal segment moving away from the midline of the body. In the ankle, it is synonymous with eversion.

A movement of the ankle that involves the distal segment moving towards the midline of the body. In the ankle, it is synonymous with inversion.

The glutes and hamstrings work together to pull the pelvis backward, like a hinge.

When the pelvis and lumbar spine move in the same direction, increasing the overall range of motion of the trunk, as when bending down.

When the pelvis and lumbar spine move in opposite directions, maintaining stability while the pelvis rotates over the femur and the lumbar spine keeps its curve.

A position of the pelvis where the front tilts forward, usually caused by tight hip flexors and spinal erectors.

A position of the pelvis where the front moves backward towards the rib cage, often caused by strong hip extensors and abdominal muscles.

A movement that lifts one side of the pelvis up, usually caused by the contralateral gluteus medius for stability and ipsilateral quadratus lumborum for lifting.

The angle between the femur (thigh bone) and the patellar ligament (knee cap). A larger angle can lead to knee problems.

A condition where the knees bend inwards, often due to weak muscles or flat feet.

The Profunda Femoris Artery is a major branch of the femoral artery that primarily supplies the adductor muscles in the thigh.

The Perforating Arteries are branches of the Profunda Femoris Artery that supply blood to the hamstrings and adductor muscles.

The Popliteal Artery is the continuation of the femoral artery in the popliteal fossa (behind the knee). It's crucial for supplying blood to the knee joint and surrounds it.

The Anterior Tibial Artery is a major branch of the Popliteal Artery that supplies the muscles of the anterior (front) compartment of the leg, which are responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot.

The Dorsalis Pedis Artery is a branch of the Anterior Tibial Artery that supplies the majority of the blood to the forefoot. It's easily palpable (felt) on the top of the foot.

The Rectus Femoris muscle is responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint and flexing the thigh at the hip joint. It also plays a role in stabilizing the joint.

The Vastus Lateralis muscle is a powerful extensor of the knee joint, working to straighten the leg.

The Vastus Medialis muscle aids in extending the leg at the knee joint, focusing on the medial or inner side of the thigh.

The Vastus Intermedius muscle is located deep within the thigh. It is responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint.

The Semitendinosus muscle aids in extending the thigh, flexing the leg, and rotating the leg inwards. It is located on the back of the thigh.

The Semimembranosus muscle aids in extending the thigh, flexing the leg, and rotating the leg inwards. It is located on the back of the thigh.

The Biceps Femoris muscle is a two-headed muscle located on the back of the thigh. Both heads extend the thigh and flex the leg. The long head also rotates the leg outwards, while the short head helps in lateral rotation.

The Adductor Longus muscle adducts the thigh, which means it draws the leg towards the midline of the body.

The Adductor Brevis muscle adducts the thigh, bringing the leg closer to the midline of the body.

The Adductor Magnus muscle has two parts: an adductor part and a hamstring part. The adductor part flexes the thigh, while the hamstring part extends the thigh. The adductor part also adducts the thigh.