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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the arch of the foot?
What is the primary function of the arch of the foot?
- To provide stability of the body (correct)
- To enhance ankle movement
- To facilitate propulsion during locomotion
- To absorb shock
How many bones are present in the foot?
How many bones are present in the foot?
- 26 bones (correct)
- 24 bones
- 30 bones
- 20 bones
What is the primary function of the foot during locomotion?
What is the primary function of the foot during locomotion?
- To facilitate propulsion (correct)
- To provide stability
- To absorb shock
- To enhance ankle movement
What is the name of the joint complex that consists of 3 articulations?
What is the name of the joint complex that consists of 3 articulations?
How many muscles are present in the foot?
How many muscles are present in the foot?
What is the primary function of cushioning in the foot?
What is the primary function of cushioning in the foot?
What is the primary function of the foot during upright posture?
What is the primary function of the foot during upright posture?
How many functional joints are present in the foot?
How many functional joints are present in the foot?
What is the relationship between plantarflexion and anterior talar translation?
What is the relationship between plantarflexion and anterior talar translation?
What is the primary characteristic of the ankle during plantarflexion?
What is the primary characteristic of the ankle during plantarflexion?
What is the orientation of the talar translation during plantarflexion?
What is the orientation of the talar translation during plantarflexion?
What is the primary source of stability in the ankle during plantarflexion?
What is the primary source of stability in the ankle during plantarflexion?
What is the effect of increasing plantarflexion on the ankle joint?
What is the effect of increasing plantarflexion on the ankle joint?
What is the relationship between the narrow portion of the body between the malleoli and plantarflexion?
What is the relationship between the narrow portion of the body between the malleoli and plantarflexion?
What is the direction of the talar translation in relation to the posterior aspect of the ankle?
What is the direction of the talar translation in relation to the posterior aspect of the ankle?
What is the role of soft tissue in maintaining ankle stability during plantarflexion?
What is the role of soft tissue in maintaining ankle stability during plantarflexion?
What type of support is mentioned in the context of ankle stability?
What type of support is mentioned in the context of ankle stability?
Which ligament is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the joints?
Which ligament is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the joints?
What is the primary function of the soft tissue stability system?
What is the primary function of the soft tissue stability system?
What is the consequence of the mid-mortise being subjected to stress?
What is the consequence of the mid-mortise being subjected to stress?
What is the role of the soft tissue stability system in maintaining ankle stability?
What is the role of the soft tissue stability system in maintaining ankle stability?
What is the primary function of the collateral ligament?
What is the primary function of the collateral ligament?
What is the consequence of the mid-mortise being subjected to stress?
What is the consequence of the mid-mortise being subjected to stress?
What is the role of the soft tissue stability system in maintaining joint integrity?
What is the role of the soft tissue stability system in maintaining joint integrity?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the soft tissue stability system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the soft tissue stability system?
What is the primary function of the mortise?
What is the primary function of the mortise?
What type of hinge does the ankle function as?
What type of hinge does the ankle function as?
What is the primary motion of the talus in the ankle joint?
What is the primary motion of the talus in the ankle joint?
What is the direction of the axis of ankle joint?
What is the direction of the axis of ankle joint?
How does the ankle joint deviate from the transverse plane of the foot?
How does the ankle joint deviate from the transverse plane of the foot?
What is the degree of freedom of the ankle joint?
What is the degree of freedom of the ankle joint?
What plane does the ankle joint deviate from?
What plane does the ankle joint deviate from?
Which direction does the ankle joint deviate in the coronal plane?
Which direction does the ankle joint deviate in the coronal plane?
What is the orientation of the axis of ankle joint in relation to the foot?
What is the orientation of the axis of ankle joint in relation to the foot?
What is the axis of rotation of the ankle joint located by during a medical examination?
What is the axis of rotation of the ankle joint located by during a medical examination?
Which of the following is NOT a type of angular motion?
Which of the following is NOT a type of angular motion?
What is the approximate total range of motion of the ankle joint?
What is the approximate total range of motion of the ankle joint?
In which plane does the ankle joint deviate posteriorly from on the lateral side?
In which plane does the ankle joint deviate posteriorly from on the lateral side?
What is the type of motion that occurs when the foot moves towards the shin?
What is the type of motion that occurs when the foot moves towards the shin?
What is the term for the movement of the foot away from the shin?
What is the term for the movement of the foot away from the shin?
What is the anatomical term for the bending of the foot towards the shin?
What is the anatomical term for the bending of the foot towards the shin?
What is the range of motion of the ankle joint that is more than the lateral flexion?
What is the range of motion of the ankle joint that is more than the lateral flexion?
Study Notes
Foot Structure
- The foot consists of 26 bones, 30 muscles, and over 100 ligaments.
- It has 21 functional joints, allowing for slight movement.
Foot Functions
- The main functions of the foot during upright posture and ambulation are:
- Shock absorption through the arch's cushioning effect
- Stability of the body
- Propulsion during locomotion
Ankle Joint Complex
- The ankle joint complex consists of 3 articulations: Tibio-talar joint, Tibio-fibular joint, and Talofibular joint.
- The wedge-shaped keystone (talus) provides support from the surrounding bones.
Soft Tissue Stability
- Soft tissue maintains the integrity of the joints, including the ankle.
- The collateral ligament system provides stability to the ankle.
Ankle Kinematics
- The ankle functions as a uniplanar hinge (1 dof), with motion of the talus primarily in flexion/extension.
- The axis of the ankle joint deviates superiorly from the transverse plane of the foot on the medial side and posteriorly from the frontal plane on the lateral side.
- The axis of rotation of the ankle joint passes through the distal tips of the medial and lateral malleoli.
- Range of motion is approximately 80° in total, with more flexion than dorsiflexion.
Additional Facts
- With increasing plantarflexion, there is more anterior talar translation.
- Stability is created by soft tissue during plantarflexion.
- The ankle is unstable during plantarflexion (least packed).
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Description
This quiz covers the structure and functions of the human foot, including its bones, muscles, and joints, as well as its roles in shock absorption, stability, and propulsion. It also touches on the ankle joint complex.
