42 Questions
What is the primary function of the arch of the foot?
To provide stability of the body
How many bones are present in the foot?
26 bones
What is the primary function of the foot during locomotion?
To facilitate propulsion
What is the name of the joint complex that consists of 3 articulations?
Ankle joint complex
How many muscles are present in the foot?
30 muscles
What is the primary function of cushioning in the foot?
To absorb shock
What is the primary function of the foot during upright posture?
To provide stability of the body
How many functional joints are present in the foot?
21 functional joints
What is the relationship between plantarflexion and anterior talar translation?
Increasing plantarflexion leads to increased anterior talar translation
What is the primary characteristic of the ankle during plantarflexion?
Unstable with increased anterior talar translation
What is the orientation of the talar translation during plantarflexion?
Anteriorly
What is the primary source of stability in the ankle during plantarflexion?
Soft tissue
What is the effect of increasing plantarflexion on the ankle joint?
Decreased stability
What is the relationship between the narrow portion of the body between the malleoli and plantarflexion?
The narrow portion is translationally unstable during plantarflexion
What is the direction of the talar translation in relation to the posterior aspect of the ankle?
Anterior to the posterior aspect
What is the role of soft tissue in maintaining ankle stability during plantarflexion?
It increases the stability of the ankle
What type of support is mentioned in the context of ankle stability?
Soft tissue support
Which ligament is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the joints?
Collateral ligament
What is the primary function of the soft tissue stability system?
To maintain joint integrity
What is the consequence of the mid-mortise being subjected to stress?
It is more likely to deform
What is the role of the soft tissue stability system in maintaining ankle stability?
It maintains the integrity of the joints
What is the primary function of the collateral ligament?
To maintain joint integrity
What is the consequence of the mid-mortise being subjected to stress?
It is more likely to deform
What is the role of the soft tissue stability system in maintaining joint integrity?
It maintains the integrity of the joints
Which of the following is NOT a function of the soft tissue stability system?
To facilitate movement
What is the primary function of the mortise?
To provide bony support
What type of hinge does the ankle function as?
Uniplanar hinge
What is the primary motion of the talus in the ankle joint?
Flexion/Extension
What is the direction of the axis of ankle joint?
Medio-lateral
How does the ankle joint deviate from the transverse plane of the foot?
Superiorly on the medial side
What is the degree of freedom of the ankle joint?
1 dof
What plane does the ankle joint deviate from?
Transverse plane
Which direction does the ankle joint deviate in the coronal plane?
Anteriorly and superiorly
What is the orientation of the axis of ankle joint in relation to the foot?
Perpendicular to the foot
What is the axis of rotation of the ankle joint located by during a medical examination?
Palpation
Which of the following is NOT a type of angular motion?
Flexion
What is the approximate total range of motion of the ankle joint?
80°
In which plane does the ankle joint deviate posteriorly from on the lateral side?
Frontal plane
What is the type of motion that occurs when the foot moves towards the shin?
Dorsiflexion
What is the term for the movement of the foot away from the shin?
Plantar flexion
What is the anatomical term for the bending of the foot towards the shin?
Dorsiflexion
What is the range of motion of the ankle joint that is more than the lateral flexion?
Plantar flexion
Study Notes
Foot Structure
- The foot consists of 26 bones, 30 muscles, and over 100 ligaments.
- It has 21 functional joints, allowing for slight movement.
Foot Functions
- The main functions of the foot during upright posture and ambulation are:
- Shock absorption through the arch's cushioning effect
- Stability of the body
- Propulsion during locomotion
Ankle Joint Complex
- The ankle joint complex consists of 3 articulations: Tibio-talar joint, Tibio-fibular joint, and Talofibular joint.
- The wedge-shaped keystone (talus) provides support from the surrounding bones.
Soft Tissue Stability
- Soft tissue maintains the integrity of the joints, including the ankle.
- The collateral ligament system provides stability to the ankle.
Ankle Kinematics
- The ankle functions as a uniplanar hinge (1 dof), with motion of the talus primarily in flexion/extension.
- The axis of the ankle joint deviates superiorly from the transverse plane of the foot on the medial side and posteriorly from the frontal plane on the lateral side.
- The axis of rotation of the ankle joint passes through the distal tips of the medial and lateral malleoli.
- Range of motion is approximately 80° in total, with more flexion than dorsiflexion.
Additional Facts
- With increasing plantarflexion, there is more anterior talar translation.
- Stability is created by soft tissue during plantarflexion.
- The ankle is unstable during plantarflexion (least packed).
This quiz covers the structure and functions of the human foot, including its bones, muscles, and joints, as well as its roles in shock absorption, stability, and propulsion. It also touches on the ankle joint complex.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
