65 Questions
What are the three main areas of the foot?
Forefoot, Midfoot, Hindfoot
Which bones make up the forefoot?
Metatarsals and Phalanges
What is the function of the longitudinal arch of the foot?
Acts as a shock absorber
What motion does dorsiflexion refer to?
Flexing the ankle joint
Which part of the foot is considered the dorsal surface?
Superior surface of the foot
What is the main function of the transverse arch of the foot?
Supports the longitudinal arch
What is inversion (varus) in relation to foot movement?
Turning the whole foot inward
What is eversion (valgus) in relation to foot movement?
Turning whole foot outward
How many phalanges are located in each great toe?
2 - distal, proximal phalanges
What distinguishes the phalanx base from the phalanx head?
Base is proximal, Head is distal
Which metatarsal bone contains a prominent tuberosity prone to fracture?
5th metatarsal
What is the other name for the calcaneus bone?
Os Calcis
Which cuneiform bone in the foot is the largest?
Medial cuneiform (1st)
How many sesamoid bones are usually found in the foot?
2
Where are the sesamoid bones in the foot typically located?
On the plantar surface of the head of the 1st metatarsal
What are the names of the three cuneiform bones in the foot?
Medial, Intermediate, Lateral
'Avulsion fracture' at the base of the 5th metatarsal refers to a fracture of which specific structure?
Tuberosity
'Jones' fracture can be described as a fracture between which two parts of the 5th metatarsal?
Mid-shaft and proximal end
'Metatarsophalangeal joint' is associated with which part of the foot?
'Ball of the foot'
'Cuboid' bone is primarily located on which side of the foot?
'Lateral' side
The forefoot consists of metatarsals and tarsals.
False
The midfoot includes 3 cuneiforms, navicular, and cuboid bones.
True
The hindfoot is composed of talus and navicular bones.
False
Dorsiflexion refers to extending the ankle joint and pointing the foot downward.
False
Eversion (valgus) is the term for turning the whole foot inward.
False
The phalanx base is distal, while the phalanx head is proximal.
False
Each great toe has 3 phalanges.
False
The longitudinal arch of the foot runs side-to-side.
False
The plantar surface of the foot is considered the superior surface.
False
Transverse arch supports the longitudinal arch of the foot.
True
The 1st metatarsal is the longest and thinnest metatarsal bone in the foot.
False
The cuneiform bones in the foot are named based on their position from lateral to medial.
False
Avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal occurs at the distal end of the bone.
False
The talus bone is located between the tibia and fibula in the foot.
False
The cuboid bone is distal to the calcaneus in the foot anatomy.
False
There are 3 articular facets on the calcaneus that join with the cuboid bone.
False
Ankle joint is classified as a pivot joint in foot anatomy.
False
The lateral malleolus is located on the fibula's proximal, medial side.
False
Navicular bone lies between the talus and the medial cuneiform in foot anatomy.
False
Sesamoid bones in the foot are commonly seen in children rather than adults.
False
Match the following bones with their alternative nomenclature:
Calcaneus = Os Calcis or Heel Talus = Astragalus Navicular = Scaphoid Cuboid = Not otherwise named
Match the following foot joints with their specific names:
IP Joint = Interphalangeal Joint DIP Joint = Distal Interphalangeal Joint PIP Joint = Proximal Interphalangeal Joint MTP Joint = Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Match the following fracture types with their specific locations on the 5th metatarsal:
Mid-shaft Fracture = Mid-shaft Jones' Fracture = Between mid-shaft and proximal end Avulsion Fracture = @ the proximal end or base Tuberosity Fracture = Prominent tuberosity prone to a fracture
Match the following cuneiform bones with their characteristics:
Medial Cuneiform = Largest cuneiform Intermediate Cuneiform = Smallest cuneiform Lateral Cuneiform = Not otherwise specified Any Cuneiform = 'Wedge-shaped' in Latin
Match the following joint types with their classifications:
Ankle Joint = Synovial, Hinge Joint Foot Joints = All classified as synovial joints Metatarsophalangeal Joint = Not otherwise classified Tarsometatarsal Joint = Not otherwise classified
What are the three main areas of the foot?
Forefoot, Midfoot, Hindfoot
Describe the longitudinal arch of the foot.
Long axis from front of toes to back of the heel; acts as a shock absorber, weight-bearing structure, permits smooth walking, with a more pronounced medial arch.
Explain the difference between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion in foot movement.
Dorsiflexion is flexing the ankle joint to point the foot upward, while plantar flexion is extending the ankle joint to point the foot downward.
What are the components of a phalanx in the foot?
Head, Body, Base
How many phalanges are located in each great toe?
2
Name the bones that make up the midfoot region.
3 cuneiforms, Navicular, Cuboid
Define inversion (varus) in relation to foot movement.
Turning the whole foot inward
What is the function of the transverse arch of the foot?
Supports the longitudinal arch; runs side-to-side; made up of cuneiforms and cuboid bones
Explain the difference between the phalanges of the hand and foot.
Phalanges of the foot are smaller and have limited movement compared to those of the hand.
What is the dorsal surface of the foot?
Superior surface of the foot
What is the other nomenclature for the navicular bone?
scaphoid
Which bone in the foot is the largest and strongest?
calcaneus
What is the main function of the transverse arch of the foot?
supports the longitudinal arch
Where are the sesamoid bones in the foot typically located?
on the plantar surface of the head of the 1st metatarsal
What is the other term for the ankle joint?
ankle mortise joint
Which tarsal bone is the second largest and most superior?
talus
What is the literal meaning of 'cuneiform'?
wedge-shaped
Which cuneiform bone in the foot is the smallest?
intermediate cuneiform (2nd)
How many sesamoid bones are usually found in the foot?
2
In which age group are sesamoid bones typically seen?
adults
Test your knowledge on the bones and structure of the human foot with questions about the number of bones, types of bones (phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals), different areas of the foot (forefoot, midfoot, hindfoot), and surfaces of the foot (dorsum and plantar surface).
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