Food Security in India
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Questions and Answers

What was the total foodgrain production in 2015-16?

252.22 million tonnes

Which states recorded significant production of wheat in 2015-16?

Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh

What was the foodgrain production in 2016-17?

275.68 million tonnes

How has the percentage of seasonal and chronic hunger changed in India?

<p>It has declined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major agricultural strategy was adopted in India in the early 1970s?

<p>The Green Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the special stamp released by Indira Gandhi in July 1968?

<p>To commemorate the strides in wheat production during the Green Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the significant rice production figures for West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh in 2015-16?

<p>15.75 million tonnes and 12.51 million tonnes, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did India cross the 200 million tonne mark in foodgrain production?

<p>2002-03</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Minimum Support Price (MSP) and why is it announced?

<p>The MSP is a price declared by the government to incentivize farmers for crop production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which decade did India experience significant growth in foodgrain production?

<p>The 2000s</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MSP in relation to crop production?

<p>To provide financial incentives for farmers to increase crop yields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the government provide support to farmers before the sowing season?

<p>By announcing the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for various crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend can be seen from 2000 to 2020 in the given graph?

<p>An overall upward trend in foodgrain production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which governmental department is responsible for declaring the Minimum Support Price?

<p>Department of Agricultural Cooperation and Farmers Welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the foodgrains purchased by the government?

<p>They are stored in granaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of storing foodgrains in granaries?

<p>It ensures food security and stabilizes market prices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What items are typically stocked at ration shops?

<p>Ration shops typically stock foodgrains, sugar, and kerosene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was rationing introduced in India in the 1940s?

<p>Rationing was introduced in India in the 1940s due to the Bengal famine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of ration cards mentioned?

<p>The three types are Antyodaya cards, BPL cards, and APL cards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which decade was the rationing system revived due to food shortages?

<p>The rationing system was revived in the 1960s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stipulated monthly grain amount a family can buy with a ration card?

<p>A family can buy 35 kg of grains each month with a ration card.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Public Distribution System (PDS)?

<p>The PDS aims to provide food grains to the population at subsidized rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiative was introduced in 1975 as part of child development services?

<p>The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was introduced in 1975.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Food-for-Work (FFW) program introduced in 1977-78?

<p>The FFW program provides food assistance in exchange for work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the prices of rice and sugar at a ration shop compare to other grocery shops?

<p>Prices at ration shops are lower than those at other grocery shops for families below the poverty line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do families eligible for ration cards face additional poverty alleviation programs?

<p>Yes, there are several Poverty Alleviation Programs (PAPs) aimed at helping these families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the increased maintenance costs of procuring foodgrains in India?

<p>Rising transportation and storage costs of the Food Corporation of India (FCI) have contributed to the increased maintenance costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the per capita consumption of rice changed in rural India from 2004-05 to 2011-12?

<p>Per capita consumption of rice in rural India declined from 6.38 Kg to 5.98 Kg during that period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do cooperatives play in food security in India?

<p>Cooperatives help by setting up shops to sell low-priced goods to poor people, increasing access to essential food items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What malpractices have been reported among PDS dealers in India?

<p>PDS dealers have been found diverting grains to the open market, selling poor quality grains, and opening shops irregularly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage increase has been seen in per capita consumption of PDS wheat since 2004-05?

<p>Per capita consumption of PDS wheat has doubled since 2004-05 in both rural and urban India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle was adopted by the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)?

<p>The TPDS was introduced to target the ‘poor in all areas’.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two special schemes launched in 2000 under the Public Distribution System?

<p>The two special schemes were Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Annapurna Scheme (APS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym BPL stand for in the context of the Public Distribution System?

<p>BPL stands for Below Poverty Line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of foodgrains allocated to BPL households per month under the TPDS?

<p>BPL households are allocated 35 kg of foodgrains per month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the issue price for wheat (W) under the AAY scheme?

<p>The issue price for wheat under the AAY scheme is Rs 2.00 per kg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the National Food Security Act (NFSA) introduced, and what is its primary target?

<p>The NFSA was introduced in 2013, targeting priority households.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the issue price for APL and BPL under the TPDS?

<p>APL households pay a higher price than BPL households for foodgrains under the TPDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the coverage target group for the Annapurna Scheme (APS)?

<p>The APS targets indigent senior citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the monthly allocation of food grains to priority households under the NFSA?

<p>Priority households receive 5 kg of food grains per person per month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Public Distribution System when it was first introduced?

<p>The main objective was to ensure food security for the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

What is the Green Revolution?

The Green Revolution was a period of significant agricultural advancements, particularly in wheat and rice production, that began in the early 1970s in India and other developing countries. It aimed to increase food production and improve food security.

What does it mean to be self-sufficient in food grains?

Self-sufficiency in food grains means a country can produce enough food to meet the needs of its population without relying on imports. India achieved this goal due to the Green Revolution.

What is food security?

Food security refers to the ability of a country to consistently provide its population with enough safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. India has achieved significant food security since the Green Revolution.

What is the significance of the "Wheat Revolution" stamp?

In 1968, India recognized the success of the Green Revolution by issuing a special stamp labeled "Wheat Revolution." It symbolizes the transformative change in wheat production during this period.

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Which states excel in wheat and rice production in India?

Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have emerged as major wheat producing states in India, while West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh lead in rice production. This highlights regional strengths in specific crops.

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What effect has the Green Revolution had on hunger in India?

A significant decrease in both seasonal and chronic hunger has been observed in India due to increased food production since Independence. This highlights the impact of the Green Revolution.

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Why has India avoided famines despite adverse weather conditions?

India has been able to avert famines, even during times of adverse weather conditions, because of the success of the Green Revolution and the diversification of its crop production. This signifies the resilience of Indian agriculture.

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What is Minimum Support Price (MSP)?

The guaranteed price that the government sets for certain crops to encourage farmers to grow them.

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When did India cross the 200 million tonne food grain production mark?

The year in which India's food grain production surpassed 200 million tonnes.

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What is a granary?

A facility for storing grains to maintain food security and prevent food wastage.

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What is the sowing season?

The period when farmers sow their crops.

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What is the sowing season?

The period when farmers sow their crops.

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What is food grain production?

The amount of food grains produced in a specific year.

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What is the 1990s decade?

The period between 1990 and 2000.

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What is rationalization?

The practice of using resources efficiently in a given process.

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What is a graph?

A visual representation used to show data trends over a specific period.

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What is a Ration Shop?

A government-run store that sells essential food items like grains, sugar, and kerosene at subsidized prices.

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What is Rationing?

A system where the government controls the distribution and sale of essential goods, especially food, to ensure everyone has access to basic necessities.

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What is a Ration Card?

A document that allows a family to purchase a specific amount of essential goods from a ration shop.

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What is an Antyodaya Card?

A category of ration card designed for the poorest families in India.

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What is a BPL Card?

A category of ration card for families living below the poverty line in India.

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What is an APL Card?

A category of ration card for every other family in India besides the poorest and those below the poverty line.

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What is the Public Distribution System (PDS)?

A government-run program designed to ensure food security and improve the nutritional status of the population, especially those living in poverty.

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What is the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)?

A government program that provides mid-day meals to school children. It aims to encourage school attendance and improve nutritional levels.

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What is the Food-for-Work Programme (FFW)?

A government program launched in the late 1970s that provides food work to those in rural areas, particularly during times of drought or unemployment.

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What are Poverty Alleviation Programmes (PAPs)?

A program that helps people living in poverty by giving them food and other resources. Many of these programs are targeted towards rural areas.

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What are the costs associated with increased MSP procurement?

The increased procurement of food grains by the government at MSP has led to higher maintenance costs, primarily due to transportation and storage expenses.

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How do cooperatives contribute to food security?

The cooperatives play a crucial role in food security by operating fair price shops, providing affordable food to people in need. An example of this is Mother Dairy in Delhi.

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How has consumption of rice changed in India since 2004-05?

In rural India, per capita rice consumption has declined, but PDS rice consumption has doubled since 2004-05. This suggests a shift towards reliance on publicly distributed food.

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What are some challenges with the Public Distribution System (PDS)?

Some PDS dealers engage in malpractices like diverting grains to the open market for higher profits, selling low-quality grains, or closing shops irregularly. This undermines the effectiveness of the PDS system.

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Public Distribution System (PDS)

A system of food distribution managed by the Government of India to ensure food security for its citizens.

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Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)

Introduced in 1997, TPDS aimed to distribute food grains based on the economic status of beneficiaries, targeting both 'poor' and 'non-poor' individuals.

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Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)

AAY, launched in 2002, provides food grains to the 'poorest of the poor' households, ensuring their basic food requirements are met.

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Annapurna Scheme (APS)

The Annapurna Scheme, introduced in 2000, provides free food to the 'indigent senior citizens', addressing their unique needs.

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National Food Security Act (NFSA)

This scheme aims to provide a fixed quantity of food grains to priority households at subsidized prices, further strengthening food security.

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Differential Pricing Policy

This refers to the price differential strategy employed by the TPDS, charging different prices for food grains to the 'poor' and 'non-poor' beneficiaries.

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Foodgrain Distribution

This refers to the process of distributing food, including transporting, storing, and issuing food grains to beneficiaries through designated outlets.

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Beneficiary Categories (BPL, APL)

This refers to the different categories of beneficiaries based on their economic status, determining their eligibility for subsidized food grains.

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Foodgrain Allocation

This refers to the allocated amount of food grains each beneficiary is entitled to receive under different schemes like TPDS or NFSA.

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Foodgrain Volume

The quantity of food grain provided under a particular scheme, often measured in kilograms (kg) per month.

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Study Notes

Food Security in India

  • Food security encompasses availability, accessibility, and affordability of food for all people at all times.
  • Vulnerable households are particularly susceptible to food insecurity during periods of crop production or distribution issues.
  • Public distribution systems (PDS) and government intervention are crucial for food security.
  • Food security is critical for human well-being and survival, not merely adequate caloric intake.
  • Food security includes physical and economic access to nutritious food, respecting dietary preferences.
  • Availability involves domestic production, imports, and government grain reserves.
  • Accessibility means food is readily available within reach of all individuals.
  • Affordability implies individuals can purchase sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.
  • Food security is essential to ensure food is available at all times, regardless of crises like drought or calamity.
  • Natural disasters, like droughts, earthquakes, can significantly disrupt the availability of food, leading to escalating prices and potential starvation.
  • Total crop failure during natural disasters can create food shortages and increase prices.
  • Inadequate access to food during times of calamity can result from extremely high prices.
  • Prolonged natural crises can lead to famine, with widespread death.
  • The Bengal famine of 1943 tragically illustrates the devastating impact of food shortages.
  • Agricultural laborers, fishermen, and casual laborers were disproportionately affected by the Bengal famine of 1943.
  • The famine of 1943 resulted in the death of 3 million people in Bengal.
  • Food insecurity is disproportionately prevalent in certain regions of the country, particularly those with high poverty levels, frequent natural disasters, and economic vulnerabilities.
  • The National Food Security Act (NFSA) introduced in 2013 to ensure food security aims to address food scarcity.
  • NFSA ensured food security for 75% of the rural and 50% of the urban poor.
  • The NFSA aims to alleviate hunger and provide access to food at reasonable prices.
  • Buffer stock reserves are held to maintain supplies and affordability during periods of shortage.
  • The government releases food from the reserves to control prices and ensure affordability among vulnerable populations.
  • Cooperatives play a vital role in enhancing rural food security by ensuring affordable access to essential food items.

Hunger in India

  • Types of hunger : Seasonal and chronic and their prevalence in India..
  • Data on prevalence of hunger in India.
  • Declining trends in hunger, both chronic and seasonal.

Green Revolution

  • The Green Revolution’s positive impact on self-sufficiency in food production.
  • India’s progress in wheat and rice production since Independence and the role of the Green Revolution.
  • Increase in food production, especially wheat and rice, following the Green Revolution and government interventions.
  • Contributing factors to the green revolution.

Food Production in India

  • Changes in food grain production in India across several years in the later 20th century and 21st century.
  • Data illustrating the growth in food grain production in India over recent years and decades.

Food Procurement and Distribution System

  • Minimum Support Price (MSP) as an incentive to farmers.
  • Buffer stocks, procured by the Food Corporation of India (FCI)
  • The Public Distribution System (PDS) to distribute food at affordable prices.
  • Role of cooperatives in providing food access.
  • Price fluctuations in food grains.

Relation Between Food and Poverty

  • The relationship between hunger, food security and poverty in rural India and its causes.
  • Impact of poverty on food availability and affordability.

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Description

This quiz explores the multidimensional concept of food security in India, covering availability, accessibility, and affordability of food. It addresses the role of vulnerable households and how government systems help mitigate food insecurity during crises. Understanding food security is essential for ensuring everyone has access to nutritious food at all times.

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