Food Security in India
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Questions and Answers

What are the three key aspects of food security as defined in the 1996 FAO declaration?

The three key aspects are availability, accessibility, and affordability of food.

How did Amartya Sen's perspective on food security differ from earlier understandings?

Amartya Sen emphasized the significance of 'entitlements' and access to food rather than just its availability.

What role does the Public Distribution System (PDS) play in food security?

The PDS ensures the distribution of food grains to the needy, thereby improving access to food.

What aspect of food security was recognized as essential for improving access to food in the 1995 World Food Summit?

<p>Poverty eradication was recognized as essential for improving access to food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is food availability determined according to the overview provided?

<p>Food availability is determined by domestic production, food imports, and stocks from previous years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, why are poor households more vulnerable to food insecurity?

<p>Poor households are more vulnerable due to their limited access to food during production or distribution crises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the understanding of food security shift significantly as noted in the chapter?

<p>The understanding of food security shifted significantly during the 1970s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did India cross the 200 million tonne mark in foodgrain production?

<p>2002</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) in agriculture?

<p>To provide incentives to farmers for raising the production of crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the decade during which India experienced significant growth in foodgrain production.

<p>1990s</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do granaries play in the foodgrain production process?

<p>Granaries are used for storing purchased foodgrains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which government department is the data on foodgrain production sourced?

<p>Department of Agricultural, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Minimum Support Price declared before the sowing season?

<p>To prepare farmers and encourage planting decisions based on expected profitability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the production level of foodgrains in 2010 according to the graph?

<p>252 million tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did foodgrain production reach its peak in the given data?

<p>2021</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the government ensure farmers are aware of the Minimum Support Price?

<p>By announcing it annually before the sowing season.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the production level of foodgrains in 2000?

<p>257 million tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Ahmad's primary source of income?

<p>Pulling rickshaws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many family members depend on Ahmad's earnings?

<p>Six family members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ahmad possess that helps him secure food for his family?

<p>A yellow PDS card.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which essential items does Ahmad obtain with his PDS card?

<p>Wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some regions in India identified as having a high number of food insecure people?

<p>Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, and West Bengal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what period did the NHFS report estimate around 11 crore women and children are food insecure?

<p>1998-99.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges does Ahmad face with his daily earnings?

<p>His earnings fluctuate, leading to food insecurity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does hunger have beyond being an expression of poverty?

<p>Hunger exacerbates food insecurity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Ahmad's family live in a jhuggi?

<p>Due to their low-income status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which recent year did the foodgrain stock with the government reach its maximum level?

<p>2014</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum buffer stock norm for the Food Corporation of India (FCI)?

<p>The specific minimum buffer stock norm is not provided in the content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were the FCI granaries overflowing with foodgrains?

<p>Granaries overflowed due to consistently high levels of wheat and rice stocks, primarily driven by increased Minimum Support Prices (MSP) and a shift towards these crops in surplus states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative implications arise from high levels of buffer stocks for foodgrains?

<p>High buffer stocks lead to increased carrying costs, wastage, deterioration in grain quality, and environmental degradation due to intensive water use in rice cultivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the increase in Minimum Support Prices (MSP) influenced farming practices in prosperous regions?

<p>The increase in MSP has induced farmers to shift land from coarse grains to the cultivation of wheat and rice in prosperous regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main items available at ration shops in India?

<p>Foodgrains, sugar, and kerosene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which decade was the rationing system first introduced in India?

<p>The 1940s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the revival of rationing in the 1960s?

<p>An acute food shortage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of ration cards are there and what are they?

<p>Three: Antyodaya cards, BPL cards, and APL cards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key objectives of the Public Distribution System (PDS)?

<p>To distribute food grains to families in need.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) introduced in 1975?

<p>To provide food and nutrition to children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Food-for-Work (FFW) program?

<p>A program introduced to provide food in exchange for labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the administration of food programs evolved over the years?

<p>Several programs have been launched and some have been restructured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of areas are primarily targeted by the current Poverty Alleviation Programs (PAPs)?

<p>Mostly rural areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one suggested activity for understanding the function of ration shops better?

<p>Visiting the local ration shop to gather details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Food Security

The ability of individuals and populations to consistently and reliably access sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life.

Three Pillars of Food Security

Food security depends on the availability of food, access to food, and the affordability of food.

Food Availability

The physical presence of sufficient food in a country or region, often secured through production within the country, imports, and existing stockpiles.

Food Access

The ability to physically and geographically reach food, encompassing factors like transportation, distribution networks, and market access.

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Food Affordability

The financial means of individuals and households to purchase the food they need, considering factors like income levels, prices, and social safety nets.

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Food Utilization

The ability to utilize food effectively, encompassing factors like knowledge about nutrition, access to clean water and sanitation, and cooking facilities.

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Public Distribution System (PDS)

A government-run system that distributes food grains and other essential commodities at subsidized prices to vulnerable populations.

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What is a subsidy?

A government payment to producers to increase the price of a good. Subsidies can keep consumer prices low while supporting domestic producers.

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What is the minimum buffer stock norm for the Food Corporation of India (FCI)?

The minimum amount of foodgrains that the government needs to store to ensure food security.

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Why were the FCI granaries overflowing with foodgrains?

The FCI storages were full because the government had accumulated a large stock of foodgrains, exceeding the minimum buffer stock norm.

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What is the Public Distribution System (PDS)?

The government's program to provide subsidized foodgrains to vulnerable populations.

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What are the disadvantages of having high levels of foodgrain buffers?

Excessively large foodgrain stockpiles can lead to high storage costs, waste, and deterioration of quality.

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Yellow Card (PDS Card)

A card issued by the government to individuals below the poverty line, allowing them to access subsidized goods through the PDS.

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Poverty

A situation where a person or family's income is so low that they struggle to meet basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing.

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Secured Employment

The ability to earn money consistently, providing a stable source of income.

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Fluctuating Earnings

The ability to earn money, but the amount varies from day to day.

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Hunger

The state of being hungry, often caused by insufficient food intake.

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Food Insecure Regions

Regions or states with high poverty rates and limited access to food, often experiencing hunger and malnutrition.

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Shifting

The practice of shifting from one place to another, often searching for better opportunities or escaping difficult conditions.

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What is the Minimum Support Price (MSP)?

The guaranteed minimum price set by the government for certain crops, aimed at encouraging farmers to produce them.

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When did India's foodgrain production cross 200 million tonnes?

The year when India's foodgrain production surpassed the 200 million-tonne mark.

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Identify the decade of India's foodgrain production growth.

The period during which India experienced a significant increase in foodgrain production.

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What crops are covered by the MSP?

The specific crops for which the government sets the Minimum Support Price (MSP).

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How are purchased foodgrains stored?

The process of securing and storing purchased foodgrains. This helps ensure a stable supply of food for the country.

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When is the MSP declared?

The government's annual announcement of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for certain crops before the sowing season begins.

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What is the purpose of the MSP?

The primary goal of the Minimum Support Price (MSP). It incentivizes farmers to raise the production of certain crops.

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Which agency tracks foodgrain production data in India?

The department responsible for collecting and analyzing agricultural statistics in India.

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What are granaries?

The storage facilities where foodgrains are kept after they've been purchased by the government.

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How does the MSP contribute to India's food security?

The impact of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) on the country's food security. It helps guarantee a stable food supply for the nation.

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How does the PDS operate?

The PDS utilizes designated shops, often called Fair Price Shops or Ration Shops, to distribute food grains, sugar, and kerosene at discounted prices.

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Who benefits from the PDS and how?

Families with ration cards can purchase pre-determined quantities of subsidized items from the designated shops, such as 35 kg of grains, 5 kgs of sugar, and 5 liters of kerosene per month.

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What are the types of ration cards?

Ration card types categorize recipients by economic status: Antyodaya for the poorest, BPL for those below the poverty line, and APL for all others.

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Why was the PDS introduced?

The PDS was initially introduced in the 1940s as a response to food shortages, particularly during the Bengal famine, and later revived in the 1960s to address another period of food scarcity.

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How does the PDS fit into broader social programs?

The PDS is a key food intervention program, along with others like the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and Food-for-Work (FFW), all geared towards alleviating poverty and improving food security - especially in rural areas.

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How has the PDS evolved?

The PDS has undergone adjustments and expansions over the years, reflecting lessons learned and changing needs.

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What is the role of the PDS in addressing food security?

The PDS plays a pivotal role in combating hunger, particularly in rural areas, where food insecurity is often a major concern.

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What are the goals of the PDS?

The PDS aims to make basic food items accessible and affordable, ensuring a buffer against potential food crises and promoting nutritional well-being.

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What is the significance of the PDS?

The PDS, despite its challenges, remains a crucial component of India's food security strategy, providing a vital lifeline for many, particularly vulnerable groups.

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Study Notes

Food Security in India

  • Food security is defined as the availability, accessibility, and affordability of food for all people at all times
  • Vulnerable households are more at risk during periods of food production or distribution problems
  • Factors affecting food security include the Public Distribution System (PDS) and government actions
  • Food security has three dimensions:
    • Availability: Food production within the country, imports and storage in government granaries
    • Accessibility: Food must be within reach of every person
    • Affordability: Individuals must have enough money to buy sufficient, safe, and nutritious food
  • Food security is crucial for a country as it ensures enough food for everyone, with the ability for all to purchase food of acceptable quality, and no barriers to accessing food
  • Natural disasters can severely impact food security, leading to shortages, price increases, and potential famine
  • The Bengal famine of 1943 was a devastating event, exemplified by high rice prices and resulting deaths among agricultural laborers, fishermen, and other casual workers
  • Agricultural laborers, fishermen, transportation workers, and other casual employees were most affected by the dramatic increase in the price of rice in the 1943 Bengal famine.
  • Seasonal famines are common in rural areas due to agricultural cycles
  • The 1995 World Food Summit emphasized the importance of physical and economic access to sufficient and nutritious food for all people, recognizing poverty as a crucial factor in food insecurity
  • Food insecurity disproportionately affects certain regions, including those with high poverty and where natural disasters frequently occur.
  • Food insecurity often leads to starvation.
  • The Green Revolution in India led to increased food grain production.
  • The government has implemented buffer stock and public distribution systems to ensure food security.
  • The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a government-declared price to incentivize farmers to produce food
  • The Food Corporation of India (FCI) buys and stores grains at MSP, then distributes food grains in deficit areas at a lower price
  • Public Distribution System (PDS) is a government regulated system of distribution of food grains to the poor at affordable prices
  • Cooperatives play a role in food security in various parts of the country
  • The National Food Security Act (NFSA) ensures food security for specific sections of the population

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Food Security in India PDF

Description

This quiz explores the concept of food security in India, focusing on its definition, dimensions, and the factors that affect it, such as the Public Distribution System and government actions. Understand the implications of food security on vulnerable households and how natural disasters can disrupt this essential resource. Test your knowledge on this critical issue that affects millions.

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