Food Security in India - Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does Ahmad's survival depend on?

Ahmad's survival depends on his daily earnings from pulling a rickshaw.

How does Ahmad's yellow card help him?

The yellow card allows Ahmad to access essential food items at half the market price.

What kind of economic condition does Ahmad face?

Ahmad faces an insecure employment situation with fluctuating daily earnings.

Which demographic groups are highlighted as being particularly food insecure?

<p>Pregnant and nursing mothers, along with children under the age of 5, are notably food insecure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two regions in India that have a large population of food insecure people.

<p>Uttar Pradesh and Bihar are two regions with a significant number of food insecure individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does hunger play in economic conditions according to the passage?

<p>Hunger is indicated as an expression of poverty and also exacerbates food insecurity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Ahmad's family structure?

<p>Ahmad's family consists of himself, three brothers, two sisters, and old parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the NHFS 1998–99 mentioned in the passage?

<p>The NHFS 1998–99 provides statistics on the number of food insecure mothers and children in the country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Ramu unemployed for about four months in a year?

<p>Ramu is unemployed for about four months due to the seasonal nature of agricultural work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ramu do when he is unemployed?

<p>When unemployed, Ramu struggles to find work and his family often experiences food shortages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are supplementing income in Ramu’s family?

<p>Ramu's family members, including possibly children or other relatives, may supplement his income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Ramu face difficulty when he is unable to have work?

<p>Ramu faces difficulty because he cannot afford essentials, leading to food insecurity for his family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is Ramu food insecure?

<p>Ramu is food insecure during the four months when he remains unemployed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What groups are most affected by food insecurity in India?

<p>The worst affected groups include landless people, traditional artisans, self-employed workers, and destitutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the social composition contribute to food insecurity?

<p>Social composition, including caste and lack of land, contributes to limited access to resources and employment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common nutritional deficiencies experienced by food insecure families?

<p>Food insecure families often lack regular access to milk and vegetables, leading to nutritional deficiencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Amartya Sen's perspective expand the definition of food security?

<p>Amartya Sen emphasized 'access' to food through 'entitlements', highlighting that food security involves not just availability but also the means to obtain food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main dimensions of food security mentioned?

<p>The three main dimensions of food security are availability, accessibility, and affordability of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Public Distribution System (PDS) play in food security?

<p>The PDS helps ensure food security by distributing food grains to the poor and vulnerable sections of society at subsidized rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the 1995 World Food Summit, what does food security require at all levels?

<p>Food security requires physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food at individual, household, regional, national, and global levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the 'availability' dimension of food security?

<p>'Availability' refers to the presence of food production within a country, as well as food imports and stored stocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does poverty relate to food security?

<p>Poverty eradication is essential to improve access to food, as it directly affects individuals' ability to afford and obtain sufficient nutritious food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'entitlements' as described by Amartya Sen?

<p>'Entitlements' refer to the combination of resources an individual can access through production, market exchanges, or social programs to secure food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of government vigilance in food security?

<p>Government vigilance is important to ensure effective monitoring and action in the distribution and accessibility of food, particularly during crises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Public Distribution System (PDS)?

<p>The primary goal of the PDS is to stabilize prices and ensure food availability at affordable prices to consumers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) within the PDS framework?

<p>AAY, launched in December 2000, targets the poorest among Below Poverty Line families to provide them with subsidized food grains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much subsidized foodgrains were initially made available to eligible families under the AAY?

<p>Initially, 25 kilograms of foodgrains were made available to each eligible family at subsidized rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism has the PDS faced despite its objectives?

<p>The PDS has faced criticism for instances of hunger persisting despite overflowing granaries and issues like grain rotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role has the minimum support price played in the functioning of the PDS?

<p>The minimum support price has contributed to an increase in foodgrain production and provided income security to farmers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many families were covered under the AAY after its expansions in June 2003 and August 2004?

<p>After the expansions, a total of 2 crore families were covered under the AAY.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the subsidized rates for food grains under the AAY for wheat and rice?

<p><code>2 per kg for wheat and </code>3 per kg for rice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measures were taken to identify poor families for the PDS?

<p>Poor families were identified through a Below Poverty Line (BPL) survey conducted by state rural development departments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle did the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) adopt in India?

<p>The TPDS adopted the principle of targeting the 'poor in all areas'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India?

<p>The main objective of the PDS was to ensure food security for the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) launched?

<p>The Antyodaya Anna Yojana was launched in 2002.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much foodgrains per month is provided under the AAY scheme?

<p>The AAY scheme provides 35 kg of foodgrains per household per month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the coverage target group for the Revised Public Distribution System (RPDS)?

<p>The RPDS targeted backward blocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the issue price for Wheat (W) under the TPDS for Below Poverty Line (BPL) households?

<p>The issue price for Wheat under TPDS for BPL households is Rs 4.15 per kg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) from the Annapurna Scheme (APS)?

<p>The AAY focuses on the poorest of the poor, while the APS targets indigent senior citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the National Food Security Act (NFSA) introduced?

<p>The National Food Security Act was introduced in 2013.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the National Food Security Act, how much foodgrains are allotted per person per month?

<p>Under the NFSA, 5 kg of foodgrains per person per month is allotted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the issue price for Rice (R) under the AAY scheme?

<p>The issue price for Rice under the AAY scheme is Rs 3.00 per kg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two primary components make up India's food security system?

<p>The two primary components are buffer stock and the public distribution system (PDS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which groups of people are most affected by food insecurity in India?

<p>Landless or land poor households in rural areas and casual laborers engaged in seasonal activities in urban areas are most affected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one reason why certain regions in India experience higher food insecurity.

<p>Economically backward states with a high incidence of poverty are more food insecure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two key government initiatives aimed at ensuring food security.

<p>Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and the Mid-Day Meals scheme are two key initiatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is buffer stock created by the government?

<p>The government creates buffer stock to stabilize prices and ensure food availability during shortages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a natural disaster affect food supply in India?

<p>Natural disasters often disrupt food supply chains, leading to shortages and increased food insecurity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between seasonal hunger and chronic hunger.

<p>Seasonal hunger is temporary and linked to specific times of the year, while chronic hunger is a long-term condition due to inadequate food intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do cooperatives play in ensuring food security?

<p>Cooperatives provide access to food and related items, improving the distribution and availability of resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Food Security

The concept that everyone has enough food to eat, all the time. It involves having enough food produced and available, and being able to get it.

Vulnerability to Food Insecurity

The ability to get enough food, even if there are problems like droughts or bad harvests.

Entitlements

Meeting food needs through what you produce, buy, or get from the government.

Public Distribution System (PDS)

A system that provides food to people in need, especially during times of food shortage.

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Key Dimensions of Food Security

Food security depends on three key factors: enough food production, access to food for those who need it, and affordability of food.

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Availability of Food

Having enough food produced domestically, food imported from other countries, and food stored in government reserves.

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Access to Food

The ability to access sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs and preferences.

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Affordability of Food

The ability to afford enough food to meet dietary needs.

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Food Insecure Groups

Groups of people who consistently struggle to afford enough food for a healthy lifestyle.

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Seasonal Agriculture

The period when agricultural work is unavailable due to factors like weather or harvest cycles.

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Seasonal Work

Tasks like farming and fishing that depend on the natural environment.

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Food Insecurity in Urban Areas

Having limited access to nutritious food, often due to financial constraints.

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Malnutrition

The prevalence of inadequate nutrition, often leading to health issues.

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SC, ST, OBC

Groups of people who have experienced discrimination based on their social origin.

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Migrant Workers

People who move from one place to another in search of better employment opportunities.

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Food Insecure

A person who does not have enough food to meet their basic needs, often due to poverty or lack of access.

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PDS (Public Distribution System)

A government program that provides subsidized food and other essential items to people living below the poverty line.

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Yellow Card

A yellow card issued by the Indian government to people living below the poverty line, allowing them to access subsidized essential goods through the PDS.

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Hunger

The state of not having enough food to eat, often due to poverty or lack of access.

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Poverty

The condition of being very poor, lacking resources, and often struggling to meet basic needs.

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Earning a Living

The act of earning a living through work, often involving physical labor.

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Rickshaw

A mode of transportation in India, often used to transport goods and people.

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Jhuggi

A type of informal housing that is usually made of flimsy or temporary materials, typically found in densely populated areas.

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Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)

A targeted program within the PDS, designed for the poorest families, providing food at highly discounted rates.

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PDS Stocking Norms

The ability of the PDS to manage food stockpiles and distribute them efficiently, which is vital for food security.

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Minimum Support Price (MSP)

The minimum price guaranteed by the government to farmers for their crops. It encourages production and helps keep food supplies stable.

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Procurement of Foodgrains

The process of purchasing food from farmers at the MSP, ensuring consistent food supplies for the PDS.

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Price Stabilization by PDS

The government's use of the PDS to stabilize food prices, ensuring affordability and preventing spikes during shortages.

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Averting Hunger and Famine

The goal of the PDS to address hunger and famine by redistributing food from surplus regions to those with shortages.

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Income Security for Farmers

The PDS's role in providing income security for farmers through procurement and the MSP.

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Who is most vulnerable?

Groups of people in India who are most likely to lack access to sufficient food, including landless and land-poor rural households, low-wage urban workers, and seasonal laborers.

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What is the Public Distribution System? (PDS)

The government's program to provide food to people in need, especially during times of shortage. It relies on stocks of food stored by the government.

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What is Minimum Support Price (MSP)?

The practice of the government buying surplus grains from farmers at a set minimum price to ensure a stable income and to build reserves.

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Why does the government have a 'buffer stock'?

A government-maintained store of food grains to ensure supply during emergencies like droughts or famines.

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What is 'issue price'?

The price at which food is sold by the government through the Public Distribution System to low-income consumers.

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What are 'fair price shops'?

Government-run shops that sell subsidized food grains to eligible individuals at an affordable rate. They are part of the Public Distribution System.

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How does the government use food for education?

A government program meant to provide food to children in schools, aiming to improve their nutrition and attendance rates.

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What is Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)?

A program by the Indian government to provide subsidized food rations to the poorest households, ensuring access to basic food needs.

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Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)

A program designed to provide foodgrain at subsidized prices to poorer sections of the population in India.

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Annapurna Scheme (APS)

A program providing free foodgrains to elderly and poor citizens in India.

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Differential Price Policy in PDS

The price difference between the cost of foodgrains provided through PDS to the poor and non-poor.

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Foodgrain Allocation in PDS

The weight of foodgrains provided to each household per month through PDS.

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Issue Price of Foodgrains in PDS

The minimum price at which foodgrains are sold to households through the PDS.

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Below Poverty Line (BPL)

The group classified as below the poverty line in India.

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Above Poverty Line (APL)

The group classified as above the poverty line in India.

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National Food Security Act (NFSA)

A legal framework aimed at providing food security to millions of Indians through a robust public distribution system.

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Study Notes

Food Security in India - Overview

  • Food security is the availability, accessibility, and affordability of food for all people at all times.
  • Vulnerable households often face food insecurity due to problems in food production or distribution.
  • Food security relies on the Public Distribution System (PDS) and government action.
  • Food security encompasses more than just basic sustenance; it involves access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs.

Dimensions of Food Security

  • Availability: Food production within the country, imports, and stored stocks.
  • Accessibility: Food being readily available to all.
  • Affordability: Individuals having the financial means to buy food.

Food Security and Calamities

  • Natural disasters (earthquakes, droughts, floods) significantly affect food security.
  • Crop failure leads to reduced food production, shortages, and price increases, potentially leading to starvation and famine.

The Bengal Famine of 1943

  • The Bengal Famine of 1943 was a devastating event resulting in the death of approximately 3 million people.
  • Agricultural laborers, fishermen, and transport workers were most affected by rising food prices.

Food Security in India - Current Status

  • India has a substantial food grain production.
  • The government's food security system aims to prevent famine.
  • Two essential components of the system are buffer stock and the Public Distribution System.
  • Buffer stock: The government purchases food grains (wheat and rice) from surplus producing states and stores them in granaries.
  • Public Distribution System (PDS): Food is distributed at subsidized prices to vulnerable segments, particularly those below the poverty line, through ration shops.

Importance of Cooperatives

  • Cooperatives play a role in food security through the distribution of food items at affordable prices and through improving food accessibility and affordability in certain regions.
  • Example: Mother Dairy and Amul demonstrate how cooperative societies can effectively distribute food products at reasonable prices.

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Food Security in India PDF

Description

Explore the critical aspects of food security in India, focusing on availability, accessibility, and affordability. Understand the role of the Public Distribution System and how natural disasters impact food security. Delve into historical events such as the Bengal Famine of 1943 to comprehend the challenges faced by vulnerable households.

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