Food Raw Materials and Ingredients
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary ingredient added to pasteurized milk to create sweetened condensed milk?

  • Sucrose (correct)
  • Lactose
  • Fructose
  • Glucose

Which of the following types of poultry has the highest fat content in its skin?

  • Goose
  • Chicken
  • Duck (correct)
  • Turkey

What percentage of total solids is typically found in fish?

  • 10-20%
  • 35-50%
  • 18-35% (correct)
  • 40-60%

Which nutrient makes up approximately 12% of the whole mixed egg by weight?

<p>Fat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is used to dehydrate whole milk to about 97% solids?

<p>Vacuum drying (C), Spray drying (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a major source of dietary protein from marine foods?

<p>Crustaceans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary functional composition of edible fats and oils?

<p>Fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following grains is NOT typically considered a cereal grain?

<p>Soybean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between direct and indirect food additives?

<p>Direct additives become part of the food for a specific purpose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How must food manufacturers list ingredients on a product label?

<p>Ingredients must be listed in order of predominance by quantity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a direct food additive?

<p>Xanthan gum used in salad dressings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about food ingredients is false?

<p>Raw or shallow produced ingredients are typically more expensive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of food ingredient is likely used to improve texture in food products?

<p>Emulsifiers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the principal constituents of milk?

<p>Fat, protein, milk sugar, and minerals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of milk has undergone a process to reduce its lactose content?

<p>Low-lactose milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following milk types is specifically designed for people on a restricted sodium diet?

<p>Low sodium milk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is used to increase Vitamin D activity in milk?

<p>Irradiation with UV light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of milk product is concentrated to approximately 2.25 times the solids of normal whole milk?

<p>Evaporated milk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main raw material used to produce butter, cheese, and ice cream?

<p>Milk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding soft curd milk is true?

<p>It is formed when casein coagulates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal source of milk for human consumption?

<p>Cow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an oil seed?

<p>Corn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fruits primarily defined as?

<p>Mature ovaries of plants with seeds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following beverages is primarily consumed for thirst-quenching properties?

<p>Carbonated drinks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category includes chocolate-covered confections?

<p>Chocolate based confections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a food raw material?

<p>Carrots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Food ingredients are primarily derived from which of the following?

<p>Natural materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of food ingredients?

<p>Create synthetic proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a food raw material?

<p>Taffies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Food Raw Material

The basic ingredients used to make food products.

Food Ingredients

Components added to food to enhance taste, texture, or other qualities; already processed.

Milk Products

Processed foods made from milk, like cheese, ice cream, and yogurt.

Evaporated Milk

Milk with water removed, making it thicker and more concentrated.

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Low-Fat Milk

Milk with some of the fat removed, lower in calories.

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Lactose Intolerance

Inability to digest lactose, the sugar in milk.

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Vitamin D Milk

Milk that has added Vitamin D.

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Milk Composition

The key components of milk are fat, protein (casein), sugar (lactose), and minerals.

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Oil Seeds

Seeds with high oil content, used for food and oil production.

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Cereal Proteins

Proteins found in cereals; not as high quality as animal proteins.

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Food Raw Materials

Unprocessed ingredients used to make food products.

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Food Ingredients

Processed components added to improve food's qualities.

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Beverages

Drinks including water, milk, carbonated, or alcoholic.

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Confectionery

Sweet treats based on sugar or chocolate.

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Fruits

Mature plant ovaries containing seeds, typically edible.

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Vegetables

Parts of plants used as food.

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Sweetened Condensed Milk

Pasteurized milk, concentrated, and sweetened with sucrose, typically 63% sugar concentration in the final product.

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Dried Whole Milk

Whole milk, dehydrated to a high solid content (97%) primarily using spray or vacuum drying.

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Meat Composition

Skeletal muscle, poultry, and fish, often containing water (60%), fat (21%), protein (18%), and ash (1%).

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Poultry vs. Red Meat

Poultry (chicken, turkey) usually has less fat, more protein, and less cholesterol than red meats.

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Fish Composition

Fish generally contains ~18-35% solids, 14-20% protein, 0.2-20% fat, and 12-18% ash.

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Cereal Grains

Grains from plants (wheat, rice, corn, barley, oats, rye), providing many calories and proteins.

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Legumes Definition

Plants producing pods which contain beans and peas, used as food.

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Marine Food

Food from salt water environments (fish, crustaceans, and shellfish).

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Direct Food Additives

Substances added to food for a specific purpose, identified on food labels.

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Indirect Food Additives

Substances that become part of food in small amounts from packaging, storage, or handling.

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Ingredient Listing Order

Ingredients are listed on food labels by how much of each ingredient is used, most to least.

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Food Additives

Substances added to food for particular purposes to affect properties (taste, colour, texture, etc.).

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Ingredients (on Label)

All ingredients in a food item are required to be listed in the order of their predominance on the food label.

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Study Notes

Food Raw Materials and Ingredients

  • Raw materials are substances and products used by manufacturers and processors to create finished goods.
  • Food manufacturers purchase raw materials to make food for consumption.
  • Raw materials should be natural, edible, and either raw or pre-processed.
  • Raw materials include meat, seafood, poultry, fruits, vegetables, grains, seeds, nuts, dairy, fungi, and eggs.
  • Examples of raw materials include grains (wheat, rice), vegetables (carrots, onions), meat (beef, chicken), wood, honey, minerals, and crude oil.

Food Ingredients

  • Food ingredients are made from natural materials, through deep processing processes, to make natural food ingredients.
  • Food ingredients are naturally occurring.
  • Food ingredients are safe for human consumption.
  • Food ingredients can be used without dosage limits, and for various purposes.
  • Examples of ingredients include soy sauce powder and rice vinegar powder.
  • Food ingredients are used for preservation, flavoring, thickening, coloring of foods.
  • They help to reduce nutritional deficiencies among consumers.
  • They ensure the availability of flavorful, nutritious, safe, convenient, colorful, and affordable foods.

Types of Food Ingredients

  • Preservatives
  • Flavors and Spices
  • Nutrients
  • Leavening agents
  • Anti-caking agents
  • Yeast
  • Firming agents
  • Gases
  • Fat replacers
  • Sweeteners
  • Flavor enhancers
  • Emulsifiers
  • pH control agents and acidulants
  • Humectants
  • Dough strengtheners and conditioners
  • Enzyme preparations
  • Stabilizers and thickeners, binders, texturizers
  • Color additives

What is a Food Additive?

  • Direct food additives are added to food for a specific purpose.
  • Examples of direct additives include xanthan gum in salad dressings and other food products.
  • Most direct additives are listed on the ingredient label.
  • Indirect food additives become part of the food.
  • Indirect additives are present at very low levels due to packaging, storage, or other handling issues.

Food Raw Materials vs. Food Ingredients

  • Raw materials are usually less processed and less expensive.
  • Raw materials are used in higher quantities than ingredients.
  • Food ingredients are usually more processed and more expensive.
  • Food ingredients have special functional properties like flavor.

How Ingredients are Listed on a Product Label

  • Ingredients are listed in descending order of predominance.
  • Ingredients listed first are the most abundant ones.
  • Some ingredients are grouped together, like "flavors," "spices," or "artificial colors"
  • Declaration of allergenic ingredients should simply name the ingredient.

Common Food Products

  • Milk and milk products (evaporated milk, dried whole milk, full cream milk, cheese, etc.)
  • Meat, poultry, and eggs (smoked meat, sausages, bacon, chicken, etc.)
  • Seafood (fish, shrimp, oysters, crab, prawn)
  • Fats, oils, and related products (butter, margarine, mayonnaise)
  • Cereal, grains, legumes, and oilseeds (wheat, rice, corn, barley, oats, rye, soybean, peanut)
  • Vegetables and fruits (fruit juices, cordials, jam, salads)
  • Beverages (carbonated beverages, alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic beverages)
  • Confectionery and chocolate products (nougats, caramels, taffies, chocolate covered confections, chocolate bars)

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Related Documents

Food Raw Materials PDF

Description

Explore the essential concepts of food raw materials and ingredients through this quiz. Understand their roles in food manufacturing, their natural properties, and examples of various types. This quiz will help solidify your knowledge of what makes up the foods we consume daily.

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