Food Hygiene Basics

Food Hygiene

• Food hygiene primarily focuses on minimizing biological food hazards to protect public health.
• The main goal of food hygiene is to prevent food contamination and protect public health.
• Salmonella enterica causes salmonellosis.
• Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever.
• Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis.
• Clostridium botulinum causes botulism.
• Food hygiene involves preventing microorganisms from entering food.
• Minimizing microbial growth in food is achieved by freezing, irradiating or cooking.
• Cooked and raw foods must be stored separately to prevent contamination.
• Food handlers must wear clean protective clothing, wash hands thoroughly before and after handling food, and cover hair.
• Food handlers should avoid sneezing and coughing near food.
• Frequent handwashing is imperative for food handlers.
• Food preservation methods include pickling (using vinegar), salting, freezing, and canning (sealing in airtight containers and killing bacteria with heat).
• Proper food storage prevents spoilage.
• Proper food handling practices help prevent foodborne illnesses.
• Proper food hygiene is essential for eating establishments.
• Regular cleaning and sanitation are pivotal aspects of eating establishment procedures.
• Proper dishwashing is a vital component of food sanitation.
• Staff hygiene in food handling is crucial to prevent contamination and illnesses.

Housing

• Essential housing factors include location on non-caving ground, strong construction materials to withstand natural disasters, and sufficient water supply and drainage.
• Essential housing features include separate kitchens, storage areas, and bedrooms for comfort.
• Housing costs are directly linked to economic indicators, such as rental levels and taxes.
• Overcrowding, poor ventilation, and insufficient sanitation contribute to health problems.
• A lower floor area per person correlates with overcrowding.
• Overcrowding can lead to the spread of respiratory diseases.
• An ideal room-to-person ratio is essential for health and well-being.
• Social indicators in housing include suicide rates, drug abuse, and community interaction.
• Physical aspects of housing include floor area, type of construction, and sanitation.
• Thermal, visual, and acoustic comfort are crucial for a comfortable living space.
• Prevention of insect and rodent infestations is needed for proper sanitation.

Air Pollution

• Increasing industrialization and urbanization contribute to rising air pollution.
• Chemical pollutants include dust, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead.
• Biological pollutants include pathogens, microbes.
• Major air pollution sources include nuclear explosions.
• Immediate health effects of air pollution include acute bronchitis.
• Acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolving in water vapor.
• Global warming results in melting polar ice caps and increased climate dryness.
• The ozone layer filters harmful UV rays.
• Poor air quality indexes suggest high levels of smoke and aerosols.
• Controlling air pollution involves establishing green belts and replacing polluting industrial processes.
• Air pollution damages building materials leading to costly repairs.
• Carcinogens include arsenic, while carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect.
• Measures to reduce vehicular pollution include promoting unleaded petrol and utilizing catalytic converters.