Food Defense Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Between 10% and 15% of all food consumed by U.S. households is ________ from abroad.

imported

According to the U.S. Government Accountability Office, nearly ______ of the fruits and vegetables and ___% of seafood eaten domestically come from outside the U.S.

2/3, 80%

Which of the following are potential hazards of change of food consumption? (Select all that apply)

  • Causing a large number of illness or deaths
  • Causing economic damage
  • Causing psychological damage
  • All of the above (correct)

    • How could bagged leafy greens be intentionally contaminated? (Select all that apply)

    <p>During harvesting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How could fruit/vegetable juice be intentionally contaminated? (Select all that apply)

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Economically Motivated Adulteration?

    <p>The fraudulent, intentional substitution or addition of a substance in a product for the purpose of increasing the apparent value or reducing production costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Tampering.

    <p>The intentional modification of a product in a way that would be harmful to the consumer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Disgruntled Employees?

    <p>Employees who may have a personal vendetta or may be bribed or manipulated by an outside source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ELF stand for?

    <p>Earth Liberation Front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ALF stand for?

    <p>Animal Liberation Front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Exterior Attack?

    <p>Contamination of raw materials at the growth point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe Forced Entry.

    <p>The act of breaking into a food facility to contaminate food, potentially using a diversionary method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Covert Entry?

    <p>Using deception or stealth to gain access to food within a facility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Insider Compromise?

    <p>The act of employees using legitimate access to commit food contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Biological Agents?

    <p>Bacteria, toxins, viruses, and parasite-type organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Chemical Agents?

    <p>Pesticides and herbicides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Radiological Agents?

    <p>Radioactive elements that can be delivered in liquid or solid form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Physical Contaminants?

    <p>Materials like glass, metal, and wood that can cause adverse health effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three basic elements in Food Defense?

    <p>Prevention, Response, Recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Managerial strategy in Food Defense involve?

    <p>Preparation for malicious acts, supervision, recall procedures, and evaluation of associated programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Procedural strategy in Food Defense involve?

    <p>Procedures for personnel, public, access areas, and operations to prevent malicious acts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Physical strategy in Food Defense involve?

    <p>Security measures for facilities, laboratories, and storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are Front Line Employees?

    <p>Employees who must be informed and educated to participate in food defense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are key steps in creating effective food defense plans?

    <p>Broad Mitigation Strategies, Vulnerability Assessment, Focused Mitigation Strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some impacts of intentional contamination of the food supply?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Financial Impact in food defense?

    <p>Costs that include lost wages, health care costs, product revenue losses, and response activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Indirect Multipliers Impact.

    <p>Compensation paid to affected producers and losses suffered by affiliated industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Global Impact?

    <p>International costs that include trade embargos imposed by trading partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Psychological Impact?

    <p>Tarnished reputation and decreased consumer confidence in food products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Health Impact in food defense.

    <p>Includes short- and long-term illnesses and even death of the public from contaminated food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is FDA Food Defense and Emergency Coordination Staff (FDECS)?

    <p>Oversight of food defense activities of the Agency, developing programs to prevent and respond to intentional contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI)?

    <p>Conducts and coordinates criminal investigations of suspected violations of food safety laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 encompass?

    <p>National preparedness for public health emergencies and enhancing controls on biological agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is HSPD 7?

    <p>A directive for identifying and prioritizing critical infrastructure to protect from terrorist attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is PPD 8?

    <p>Aimed at strengthening U.S. security and resilience against various threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is HSPD 9?

    <p>Establishes national policy to defend the agriculture and food system against terrorist attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the FDA Food Modernization Act?

    <p>A law aimed at ensuring the safety of the U.S. food supply through preventive measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Vulnerability Assessment Software Tool?

    <p>A tool to assess vulnerabilities within a food system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Food Defense Mitigation Strategies Database?

    <p>A database providing preventive measures to protect food facilities and operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Food Defense Plan Builder do?

    <p>A tool that assists in developing a comprehensive Food Defense Plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is FREE-B?

    <p>The Food Related Emergency Exercise Bundle, a compilation of food contamination scenarios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Employees FIRST?

    <p>An FDA initiative to educate front-line food industry employees about intentional contamination risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ALERT stand for in food defense?

    <p>Assure, Look, Employees, Reports, Threat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Carver + Shock Primer?

    <p>To assess vulnerabilities within a system against intentional attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Food Defense.

    <p>The effort to prevent intentional contamination of food products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Food Safety?

    <p>Efforts to prevent accidental contamination of food products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Food Security?

    <p>Ensuring all people have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Food Protection?

    <p>A strategy to protect the food supply from contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Biosecurity?

    <p>Preventive measures designed to reduce risk of transmissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Food Terrorism.

    <p>The act or threat of deliberate contamination of food with harmful agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Agroterrorism?

    <p>Malicious attempts to disrupt or destroy the agricultural industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Bioterrorism.

    <p>Unlawful use of biological agents or toxins against civilian populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Food Defense Overview

    • 10% to 15% of food in U.S. households is imported.
    • 2/3 of domestic fruits and vegetables and 80% of seafood are sourced from abroad.

    Potential Hazards

    • Intentional contamination can result in mass illness and death.
    • Economic damages can affect producers and industries linked to food distribution.
    • Psychological impacts include erosion of consumer confidence and reputation damage.

    Methods of Intentional Contamination

    • Bagged leafy greens can be contaminated during harvesting, storage, washing, and distribution.
    • Fruit and vegetable juices can face risks at multiple processing stages and during transportation.

    Types of Contamination

    • Economically Motivated Adulteration involves fraudulent substance substitution for profit.
    • Tampering signifies harmful product modifications, often countered by anti-tampering packaging.
    • Disgruntled employees pose significant threats due to their access to food products.

    Terroristic Groups

    • ELF (Earth Liberation Front) and ALF (Animal Liberation Front) are groups linked to food-related sabotage.

    Attack Strategies

    • Exterior attack contaminates raw materials upstream before they enter the facility.
    • Forced entry relies on physical break-ins, often accompanied by diversions like vandalism.
    • Covert entry uses deception to gain access (e.g., impersonating others).
    • Insider compromise exploits employee access to intentionally contaminate food.

    Contaminants

    • Biological agents include bacteria, toxins, and viruses, which require stringent lab management.
    • Chemical agents encompass various substances like cleaning compounds and pesticides.
    • Radiological agents represent radioactive materials posing health risks.
    • Physical contaminants, such as glass and metal, can easily harm consumers.

    Food Defense Strategies

    • Focus areas include prevention, response, and recovery plans.
    • Managerial strategies prepare organizations for malicious acts and establish protocols.
    • Procedural strategies aim to control access and operations.
    • Physical strategies enhance facility and product security measures.

    Food Defense Planning

    • Key steps include broad and focused mitigation strategies, vulnerability assessments, and creating a food defense plan.
    • Effective plans address financial, indirect multipliers, global, psychological, and health impacts of contamination.

    Regulatory Framework

    • FDA Food Defense and Emergency Coordination Staff oversees food defense efforts.
    • The Office of Criminal Investigations coordinates legal responses to food-related crimes.
    • The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act strengthens national preparedness.

    Programs and Initiatives

    • Vulnerability Assessment Software Tool assists in identifying system weaknesses.
    • Food Defense Mitigation Strategies Database offers preventive measures for food facilities.
    • FREE-B (Food Related Emergency Exercise Bundle) provides real-world scenarios for training.
    • Employees FIRST initiative educates front-line workers about the risks of intentional contamination.

    Assessing Vulnerabilities

    • ALERT framework involves assuring safe sources, securing facilities, knowing employees, reporting security statuses, and responding to threats.
    • CARVER + Shock Primer evaluates system vulnerabilities to prioritize protection efforts.

    Definitions and Distinctions

    • Food defense prevents intentional contamination, while food safety focuses on accidental contamination.
    • Food security guarantees consistent access to safe and nutritious food.
    • Food protection strategies encompass both unintentional and intentional contamination prevention.
    • Biosecurity seeks to mitigate transmission risks in food systems.
    • Food terrorism and agroterrorism involve deliberate threats to food supply and agriculture, respectively.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on food defense concepts and potential hazards. This quiz covers critical issues such as intentional contamination, economic impacts, and the methods of safeguarding the food supply. Explore the risks involved with imported foods and how they affect consumer confidence.

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