Food Biotechnology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which microorganism is commonly used in the production of tempeh?

Rhizopus oryzae (correct)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Neurospora sitophila

Aspergillus oryzae

What is a characteristic of modern biotechnology compared to conventional biotechnology?

It relies solely on natural fermentation.

It emphasizes small-scale production.

It is informed by scientific research. (correct)

It is based on traditional practices.

Which type of microorganism is primarily used in the fermentation of soy sauce?

Rhizopus sp.

Lactic acid bacteria

Saccharomyces sp.

Aspergillus wentii and Aspergillus sojae (correct)

In the production of nata de coco, which raw material is used?

Coconut water Signup and view all the answers

What is an application example of modern biotechnology?

Fertility improvement through in vitro fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following food items is produced using yeast?

Bread Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of conventional biotechnology?

Employs genetic engineering techniques Signup and view all the answers

What role does Acetobacter xylinum play in food production?

Responsible for the production of nata de coco Signup and view all the answers

What biological method was used to control planthopper pests in rice?

Spiders Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is known for nitrogen fixation found in legumes?

Rhizobium sp. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary growing medium in hydroponics?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What type of agriculture uses water sprayed into the air to provide nutrients?

Aeroponics Signup and view all the answers

Which pest is mentioned as being controlled by spiders in the text?

Planthoppers Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of utilizing Bacillus thuringiensis in agriculture?

Producing toxic protein to kill pests Signup and view all the answers

Mikoriza is associated with which agricultural benefit?

Soil fertility Signup and view all the answers

What role does Anabaena play in relation to Azolla pinnata?

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation Signup and view all the answers

What are organisms resulting from DNA recombination known as?

Recombinants Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique called when genes are inserted into a plasmid?

Plasmid technology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of genetically modified crops?

Rot-resistant tomato plant Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for cell fusion in genetic engineering?

Gene source cells Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is inserted into crops to make them resistant to insecticides?

Cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis Signup and view all the answers

What defines transgenic organisms?

Organisms that contain genes from different species Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the process of combining genes from different organisms?

DNA recombination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for obtaining new organisms with desirable traits?

Natural breeding Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is used in the production of Nata de coco?

Acetobacter xylinum Signup and view all the answers

What type of raw material is used to make Tempe?

Soybeans Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is responsible for the fermentation of yogurt?

Streptococcus thermophilus Signup and view all the answers

Which food item involves the use of Aspergillus oryzae in its production?

Oncom Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms is not used in the production of cheese?

Rhizopus oryzae Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient is utilized by Neurospora sitophila during food production?

Soy residue from tofu Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Lactobacillus in the food fermentation process?

Converting sugars into lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

What raw material is used to produce Butter?

Fat Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of genetic engineering in agriculture?

It enhances resistance to pests and diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants has been genetically modified to resist herbicides?

Cotton plants Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inserting the cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis into crops?

To provide resistance against insects. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cloning in plants?

It results in large numbers of identical plants. Signup and view all the answers

Which transgenic plant is specifically noted for being resistant to the ringspot virus?

UH rainbow papaya Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of cell fusion in biotechnology?

Production of hybridoma cells. Signup and view all the answers

What substance is often used to enhance cell fusion in biotechnology?

Chemical agents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a genetically modified plant mentioned?

GMO strawberries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of penicillin?

Penicillium notatum Signup and view all the answers

How are vaccines typically produced?

Through genetic engineering to weaken the pathogen Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used for producing monoclonal antibodies?

Cell fusion techniques Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a vaccine?

Typhoid vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is used to produce insulin through gene recombination?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

What class of antibiotics does cephalosporin C belong to?

Beta-lactam Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hybridoma cells in monoclonal antibody production?

To clone and produce specific antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is derived from Streptococcus griseus?

Streptomycin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Science Ahead Stage 7 - Chapter 4: Microorganisms

This chapter explores microorganisms and their impact on daily life, focusing on their role in food production.
The key takeaways are about how microorganisms play a role in breaking down organic matter and producing food.

4.3 Microorganisms And Food Production

Students are asked if they have eaten food products made using microorganisms.
Examples of food items made with microorganisms include cheese, tempeh, miso paste and yogurt.
The process of bread making involving yeast, transforming dough through fermentation is detailed.
The use of microorganisms in the food industry is explained in detail.

Additional Information - Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the applied science of using living organisms to create products that support human survival.
Microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses), tissues and cells are utilized.
Biotechnology is divided into conventional and modern biotechnology.
Conventional biotechnology uses traditional methods.
Modern biotechnology uses research for large scale production.
Examples of organisms/materials used include enzymes, alcohol, tissues, cells, genes and DNA.
Examples of application in food products include tapai, bread, cheese, yogurt, tempeh and alcoholic beverages.

4.3 Microorganisms and Food Production

A table is shown with the raw materials and microorganisms that are important in the production of food products like tempeh, oncom, tapai.
Details of the types of microorganisms used in specific food products, like yeast in bread, cheese and yogurt.

Single-Cell Protein (PST)

Single-cell protein (PST) is a protein source from mushrooms grown in a liquid medium.
It includes microorganisms like Methylophilus methylotrophus, Arthrospira (Spirulina), and Chlorella.
The microorganisms are used as fodder for livestock, or protein rich food sources for humans and animals.

Chapter 4 Microorganisms

Specific types of enzymes and their sources are referenced.
Details of the roles of different enzymes like amylase, mold protease (or bacterial protease), penicillin acylase and renin are shown.
Examples of their uses in the food industry (bread dough softener, meat tenderizer, cheese production).

Biotechnology in Agriculture

The purpose is to enhance product quality/quantity.
Biological fertilizers utilize microorganisms, such as Rhizobium sp., and bacteria found in the roots of legumes.
Anabaena (a cyanobacteria group) can be symbiotic with Azolla pinnata ferns.
Bacillus thuringiensis produces a toxin that kills caterpillars.
Biological pest control methods, like using spiders to eliminate planthoppers, are discussed.

Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture and Plantation

Hydroponics involves growing plants without soil using water containing nutrients and optionally with other materials like sand, gravel.
Aeroponics grows plants without soil, using sprayed nutrients in the air surrounding plant roots.

Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture and Plantation -Tissue Culture

Tissue culture is a technique to grow new plants from plant tissues.
The technique uses plant organs/tissues implanted into a nutrient-rich medium in sterile conditions.
Plantlets (small plants with roots, stems, and leaves) are formed from the initial explant and callus (clumps) that grow from the explant.
These plants can be acclimatized in a greenhouse.

Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture and Plantation - Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering creates organisms with enhanced traits by modifying gene traits.
This involves DNA recombination (combining genes from different organisms) and cell fusion.
Organisms resulting from this procedure are called recombinants/transgenic organisms.

Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture and Plantation - Cell Fusion

Cell fusion combines two different cells to create new hybrid cells/hybridomas.
Cells involved can be from the same or different species.
Gene source cells (cells with desirable traits) and container cells needed for rapid growth are used.
These techniques involve specific substances to accelerate cell fusion.

Biotechnology in the Animal Husbandry Sector

Artificial insemination involves collecting sperm from a male and introducing it to a female's reproductive tract.
Cloning in animals results in genetically identical organisms using adult cells.
The process involves extracting the donor cell, removing the nucleus of an egg cell, and combining the donor cell components into the egg cell prior to implantation in another surrogate mother.

Biotechnology in the Medical Sector

Antibiotics are created from bacterial or fungal organisms, like Penicillium notatum & chrysogenum, Streptomycin, Cephalosporin C.
Vaccines utilize genetic modification of pathogens to weaken them, followed by implantation into the body to instigate an immune response.

Biotechnology to Prevent Pollution

Bioremediation involves using microorganisms to clean up pollution, particularly by degrading contaminating materials like kerosene.
Pyrolysis uses heat without oxygen to decompose waste, creating charcoal, methane gas and other inorganic materials.
Compost recycling utilizes microorganisms to decompose organic waste and create humus as an organic fertilizer.

Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture and Plantation - Nuclear Technology

Radiation techniques use electromagnetic waves for various purposes in agriculture and plantation.
They can enhance food production, sterilize insects, preserve crops and determine optimal fertilization times.

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Description

Test your knowledge on food biotechnology with this quiz! Discover the microorganisms involved in the production of popular fermented foods like tempeh and soy sauce, and explore the differences between modern and conventional biotechnology. Assess your understanding of fermentation processes and key applications in the food industry.