Food Biotechnology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which microorganism is commonly used in the production of tempeh?

  • Rhizopus oryzae (correct)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Neurospora sitophila
  • Aspergillus oryzae

What is a characteristic of modern biotechnology compared to conventional biotechnology?

  • It relies solely on natural fermentation.
  • It emphasizes small-scale production.
  • It is informed by scientific research. (correct)
  • It is based on traditional practices.

Which type of microorganism is primarily used in the fermentation of soy sauce?

  • Rhizopus sp.
  • Lactic acid bacteria
  • Saccharomyces sp.
  • Aspergillus wentii and Aspergillus sojae (correct)

In the production of nata de coco, which raw material is used?

<p>Coconut water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an application example of modern biotechnology?

<p>Fertility improvement through in vitro fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following food items is produced using yeast?

<p>Bread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of conventional biotechnology?

<p>Employs genetic engineering techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Acetobacter xylinum play in food production?

<p>Responsible for the production of nata de coco (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What biological method was used to control planthopper pests in rice?

<p>Spiders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is known for nitrogen fixation found in legumes?

<p>Rhizobium sp. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary growing medium in hydroponics?

<p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of agriculture uses water sprayed into the air to provide nutrients?

<p>Aeroponics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pest is mentioned as being controlled by spiders in the text?

<p>Planthoppers (B), Stink bugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of utilizing Bacillus thuringiensis in agriculture?

<p>Producing toxic protein to kill pests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mikoriza is associated with which agricultural benefit?

<p>Soil fertility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Anabaena play in relation to Azolla pinnata?

<p>Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are organisms resulting from DNA recombination known as?

<p>Recombinants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique called when genes are inserted into a plasmid?

<p>Plasmid technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of genetically modified crops?

<p>Rot-resistant tomato plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for cell fusion in genetic engineering?

<p>Gene source cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is inserted into crops to make them resistant to insecticides?

<p>Cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines transgenic organisms?

<p>Organisms that contain genes from different species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the process of combining genes from different organisms?

<p>DNA recombination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for obtaining new organisms with desirable traits?

<p>Natural breeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is used in the production of Nata de coco?

<p>Acetobacter xylinum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of raw material is used to make Tempe?

<p>Soybeans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is responsible for the fermentation of yogurt?

<p>Streptococcus thermophilus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food item involves the use of Aspergillus oryzae in its production?

<p>Oncom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms is not used in the production of cheese?

<p>Rhizopus oryzae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient is utilized by Neurospora sitophila during food production?

<p>Soy residue from tofu (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Lactobacillus in the food fermentation process?

<p>Converting sugars into lactic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What raw material is used to produce Butter?

<p>Fat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of genetic engineering in agriculture?

<p>It enhances resistance to pests and diseases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants has been genetically modified to resist herbicides?

<p>Cotton plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inserting the cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis into crops?

<p>To provide resistance against insects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cloning in plants?

<p>It results in large numbers of identical plants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transgenic plant is specifically noted for being resistant to the ringspot virus?

<p>UH rainbow papaya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of cell fusion in biotechnology?

<p>Production of hybridoma cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance is often used to enhance cell fusion in biotechnology?

<p>Chemical agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a genetically modified plant mentioned?

<p>GMO strawberries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of penicillin?

<p>Penicillium notatum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are vaccines typically produced?

<p>Through genetic engineering to weaken the pathogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used for producing monoclonal antibodies?

<p>Cell fusion techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a vaccine?

<p>Typhoid vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is used to produce insulin through gene recombination?

<p>Escherichia coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What class of antibiotics does cephalosporin C belong to?

<p>Beta-lactam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hybridoma cells in monoclonal antibody production?

<p>To clone and produce specific antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is derived from Streptococcus griseus?

<p>Streptomycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Conventional Biotechnology

Biotechnology traditionally relying on experience and passed down through generations, using organisms directly.

Modern Biotechnology

Biotechnology that uses research to produce goods and services in large quantities.

Rhizopus oryzae

A fungus used during tempeh production, a fermented soybean product.

Neurospora sitophila

A fungus used during oncom production, a fermented food using tofu waste.

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Tapai

A type of fermentation using a variety of microorganisms, creating a sweet and alcoholic drink.

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Acetobacter xylinum

A type of bacteria commonly used in production of Nata de Coco.

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Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

These are microorganisms that are used in the process of making bread, transforming wheat into a soft and spongy baked good.

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Aspergillus wentii and Aspergillus sojae

Fungi (Aspergillus wentii and Aspergillus sojae) used during soy sauce production.

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Tempe

A traditional Indonesian food made from fermented soybeans, using the fungus Rhizopus oryzae.

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Oncom

A fermented food originating from Indonesia, made from the leftover pulp from tofu production.

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Nata de coco

A crunchy, jelly-like food made by fermenting coconut water with the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum.

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Kecap

A fermented soy sauce condiment, produced using the mold species Aspergillus wentii and Aspergillus sojae.

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Yogurt

A dairy product produced by fermenting milk primarily with two bacterial cultures: Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus.

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Pickles

A fermented food made from vegetables like cucumbers, garlic and others, using bacteria like Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus to produce lactic acid.

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Tauco

A fermented soybean paste, made using the fungus Aspergillus oryzae.

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Hydroponics

A method of growing plants without soil, using water enriched with essential nutrients. Think of it as a hydroponic garden.

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Aeroponics

A cultivation method where plants grow in a nutrient-rich mist, without any soil or other medium. Imagine roots hanging in the air, getting fed by a mist.

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Spider control for planthoppers

A type of biological pest control involving the use of spiders to eradicate planthoppers in rice fields. Imagine a tiny spider web catching pesky planthoppers.

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Spider control for stink bugs

A pest control method that uses spiders and other natural predators to eliminate stink bugs, which damage young rice seeds. Imagine a spider devouring a stink bug in a rice field.

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Rhizobium sp.

Beneficial bacteria residing in legume plant roots that capture nitrogen from the air and supply it to the plant. Think of a plant's little nitrogen factories.

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Anabaena

A type of cyanobacteria capable of forming a symbiotic relationship with the Azolla pinnata fern, providing nitrogen to the fern. Think of a tiny blue-green algae that helps a water fern thrive.

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Mycorrhiza

Fungal organisms that act as a bridge between plant roots and the surrounding soil, enhancing nutrient absorption. Think of a fungus connecting roots to the soil, like a network of pipes.

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Bacillus thuringiensis

A naturally occurring bacterium that produces a toxin harmful to various insects, used as a biological insecticide. Think of a bacteria that kills pests, a natural pesticide.

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Herbicide-Resistant Crops

A type of genetic engineering in plants where a gene from a herbicide-resistant bacterium is inserted into the plant's genome, making it resistant to herbicide.

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UH Rainbow Papaya

A variety of papaya created through genetic engineering that is resistant to the ringspot virus.

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Golden Rice

A genetically modified rice variety rich in beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A.

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Iron-Rich Rice

A type of rice that has been engineered to have higher levels of iron, an important mineral for human health.

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Drought Resistant GMO Sugarcane

A type of sugarcane that has been genetically modified to better withstand drought conditions.

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Cloning

The process of creating genetically identical copies of an organism, tissue, or cell by using asexual reproduction.

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Benefits of Cloning Plants

Cloned plants are identical to their parent plants and have similar physical characteristics.

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Cloning and Plant Production

Cloning can create large numbers of plants rapidly, increasing yield and efficiency.

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DNA Recombination

A technique for combining genes from different organisms to produce new traits in the resulting organism. It's like mixing and matching ingredients in a recipe, but with DNA!

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Recombinants/Transgenic Organisms

Organisms that result from DNA recombination, meaning they have genes from different species.

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Plasmid Technology

The method of inserting genes into a plasmid, a circular DNA molecule found in bacteria.

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Cell Fusion

A technique in genetic engineering that combines two different cells to create new cells with desirable traits. It's like merging two different ingredients for a special flavor!

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Gene Source Cells

Cells that provide the desired genetic properties for cell fusion. They are the key ingredients for creating the new cells.

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Container Cells

Cells selected for their rapid growth and ability to accept new genetic material. They are the vessels for the new genetic information.

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Cell Fusion Accelerators

Substances that promote and accelerate the process of cell fusion, making it happen faster and easier.

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Genetically Modified Crops (GMCs)

Plants that have been genetically modified to possess new traits, such as pest resistance or increased yields. It's like upgrading plant genetics for better performance.

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What are antibiotics?

Antibiotics are medicines that kill or slow the growth of bacteria. They are produced by microorganisms like fungi or bacteria.

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What are vaccines?

Vaccines are special preparations containing weakened or inactive forms of a pathogen. They are injected into the body to trigger the immune system and create antibodies.

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What are monoclonal antibodies?

Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific antibodies produced by identical immune cells. They are created by fusing antibody-producing cells with cancer cells.

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How is insulin produced in biotechnology?

Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. In biotechnology, it can be produced using gene recombination, inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria.

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What is penicillin?

Penicillin is a famous antibiotic produced by the fungus Penicillium notatum. It was a breakthrough in medicine, fighting many bacterial infections.

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What is streptomycin?

Streptomycin is an antibiotic obtained from the bacterium Streptococcus griseus. It fights various bacterial infections, especially tuberculosis.

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What is Cephalosporin C?

Cephalosporin C is an antibiotic belonging to the β-lactam family. It is produced by the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium and fights bacterial infections.

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What are some examples of vaccines?

The hepatitis vaccine prevents the hepatitis illness. The smallpox vaccine prevents smallpox illness. The typhoid vaccine prevents typhoid illness.

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Study Notes

Science Ahead Stage 7 - Chapter 4: Microorganisms

  • This chapter explores microorganisms and their impact on daily life, focusing on their role in food production.
  • The key takeaways are about how microorganisms play a role in breaking down organic matter and producing food.

4.3 Microorganisms And Food Production

  • Students are asked if they have eaten food products made using microorganisms.
  • Examples of food items made with microorganisms include cheese, tempeh, miso paste and yogurt.
  • The process of bread making involving yeast, transforming dough through fermentation is detailed.
  • The use of microorganisms in the food industry is explained in detail.

Additional Information - Biotechnology

  • Biotechnology is the applied science of using living organisms to create products that support human survival.
  • Microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses), tissues and cells are utilized.
  • Biotechnology is divided into conventional and modern biotechnology.
  • Conventional biotechnology uses traditional methods.
  • Modern biotechnology uses research for large scale production.
  • Examples of organisms/materials used include enzymes, alcohol, tissues, cells, genes and DNA. 
  • Examples of application in food products include tapai, bread, cheese, yogurt, tempeh and alcoholic beverages.

4.3 Microorganisms and Food Production

  • A table is shown with the raw materials and microorganisms that are important in the production of food products like tempeh, oncom, tapai.
  •  Details of the types of microorganisms used in specific food products, like yeast in bread, cheese and yogurt. 

Single-Cell Protein (PST)

  • Single-cell protein (PST) is a protein source from mushrooms grown in a liquid medium.
  • It includes microorganisms like Methylophilus methylotrophus, Arthrospira (Spirulina), and Chlorella.
  • The microorganisms are used as fodder for livestock, or protein rich food sources for humans and animals.

Chapter 4 Microorganisms

  • Specific types of enzymes and their sources are referenced.
  • Details of the roles of different enzymes like amylase, mold protease (or bacterial protease), penicillin acylase and renin are shown.
  • Examples of their uses in the food industry (bread dough softener, meat tenderizer, cheese production).

Biotechnology in Agriculture

  • The purpose is to enhance product quality/quantity.
  • Biological fertilizers utilize microorganisms, such as Rhizobium sp., and bacteria found in the roots of legumes.
  • Anabaena (a cyanobacteria group) can be symbiotic with Azolla pinnata ferns.
  • Bacillus thuringiensis produces a toxin that kills caterpillars.
  • Biological pest control methods, like using spiders to eliminate planthoppers, are discussed.

Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture and Plantation

  • Hydroponics involves growing plants without soil using water containing nutrients and optionally with other materials like sand, gravel.
  • Aeroponics grows plants without soil, using sprayed nutrients in the air surrounding plant roots.

Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture and Plantation -Tissue Culture

  • Tissue culture is a technique to grow new plants from plant tissues.
  • The technique uses plant organs/tissues implanted into a nutrient-rich medium in sterile conditions.
  • Plantlets (small plants with roots, stems, and leaves) are formed from the initial explant and callus (clumps) that grow from the explant.
  • These plants can be acclimatized in a greenhouse.

Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture and Plantation - Genetic Engineering

  • Genetic engineering creates organisms with enhanced traits by modifying gene traits.
  • This involves DNA recombination (combining genes from different organisms) and cell fusion.
  • Organisms resulting from this procedure are called recombinants/transgenic organisms.

Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture and Plantation - Cell Fusion

  • Cell fusion combines two different cells to create new hybrid cells/hybridomas.
  •  Cells involved can be from the same or different species.
  • Gene source cells (cells with desirable traits) and container cells needed for rapid growth are used.
  • These techniques involve specific substances to accelerate cell fusion.

Biotechnology in the Animal Husbandry Sector

  • Artificial insemination involves collecting sperm from a male and introducing it to a female's reproductive tract.
  • Cloning in animals results in genetically identical organisms using adult cells.
  • The process involves extracting the donor cell, removing the nucleus of an egg cell, and combining the donor cell components into the egg cell prior to implantation in another surrogate mother.

Biotechnology in the Medical Sector

  • Antibiotics are created from bacterial or fungal organisms, like Penicillium notatum & chrysogenum, Streptomycin, Cephalosporin C.
  • Vaccines utilize genetic modification of pathogens to weaken them, followed by implantation into the body to instigate an immune response.

Biotechnology to Prevent Pollution

  • Bioremediation involves using microorganisms to clean up pollution, particularly by degrading contaminating materials like kerosene.
  • Pyrolysis uses heat without oxygen to decompose waste, creating charcoal, methane gas and other inorganic materials.
  • Compost recycling utilizes microorganisms to decompose organic waste and create humus as an organic fertilizer.

Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture and Plantation - Nuclear Technology

  • Radiation techniques use electromagnetic waves for various purposes in agriculture and plantation.
  • They can enhance food production, sterilize insects, preserve crops and determine optimal fertilization times.

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Science Ahead Stage 7 Past Paper PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on food biotechnology with this quiz! Discover the microorganisms involved in the production of popular fermented foods like tempeh and soy sauce, and explore the differences between modern and conventional biotechnology. Assess your understanding of fermentation processes and key applications in the food industry.

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