Food and Nutrition Chapter 8

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Questions and Answers

Which three classes of nutrients supply the body with energy?

Vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates

Fats, sugars, and proteins

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins (correct)

Carbohydrates, sugars, and water

What roles do carbohydrates, fats, and proteins play in the body?

Carbohydrates supply energy, fats provide structure and insulation, and proteins support growth and repair of tissues.

Define the term metabolism and how it relates to your body gaining nutrients from food.

Metabolism is the chemical process that converts food into energy for daily activities.

What are calories and how many calories should a person intake in their diet?

Calories are units of energy released from nutrients, intake depends on factors like age and activity level. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of carbohydrates?

Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Signup and view all the answers

____________ is a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants.

Fiber Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of fats found in food?

Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, and trans fats. Signup and view all the answers

____________ is a waxy, fat-like substance that is found only in animal products.

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Proteins are long chains of smaller 'links' that are bound together chemically. These smaller substances are known as ____________.

amino acids Signup and view all the answers

(True or false) Nutrients that are made by living things, required only in small amounts, and that assist many chemical reactions in the body are minerals.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in fatty materials, while water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water. Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamins fall into the two categories of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

Fat-soluble: A, D, E, K; Water-soluble: B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Pantothenic acid, Folate, Biotin, C. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these foods is a good source of vitamin A?

Dark green vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Vitamins called ____________ help protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process as well as from certain types of cancer.

antioxidants Signup and view all the answers

(True or false) Your body needs only small amounts of minerals, which are nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which seven minerals are needed by the body in significant amounts?

Calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur. Signup and view all the answers

____________ is the process of maintaining a steady state inside your body.

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What disease can be caused by lack of calcium?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main recommendations contained in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Make smart food choices, balance food intake with physical activity, get the most nutrition from calories consumed, and handle food safely. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the different bands in the MyPyramid plan? What do the stair steps mean?

The bands represent food groups and proportions for a healthy diet; the stair steps indicate physical activity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutritional Classes and Energy

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins supply energy to the body.
Carbohydrates primarily provide energy for bodily functions.
Fats contribute to energy, form cells, maintain body temperature, and protect nerves.
Proteins are essential for growth, repair of tissues, and can also serve as an energy source.

Metabolism and Nutrient Conversion

Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that break down food for energy.
Nutrients from food are converted into accessible energy needed for daily activities.

Caloric Intake

Calories measure the energy released when nutrients break down.
Caloric needs depend on age, physical activity, gender, and body requirements.

Types of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are categorized as simple and complex.
Fiber is a type of complex carbohydrate sourced from plants.

Types of Fats

The three categories of dietary fats include saturated fats, unsaturated fats, and trans fats.
Cholesterol, a waxy substance found exclusively in animal products, plays a role in bodily functions.

Proteins and Amino Acids

Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids, which are smaller chemical 'links'.

Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamins aid in numerous bodily chemical reactions and are naturally produced by living things.
Differences exist between fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B-complex, C) vitamins.

Sources and Functions of Vitamins

Dark green vegetables are excellent sources of vitamin A.
Antioxidants are vitamins that protect cells from aging and certain cancers.
Miners such as calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur are essential in significant amounts.

Homeostasis and Disease

Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment within the body.
A calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, a disease characterized by weakened bones.

Dietary Guidelines

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans include making smart food decisions, balancing food and physical activity, maximizing nutrition from calories accepted, and safe food handling practices.

MyPyramid and Food Groups

The MyPyramid plan categorizes foods into types, indicating appropriate daily servings for a healthy diet.
It features six colored bands representing five food groups plus oils; band width indicates dietary proportion.
Stair steps in MyPyramid signify the importance of physical activity and exercise.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge on nutrients and their roles in the body with these flashcards from Chapter 8. Focus on understanding carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and how they provide energy and support bodily functions.