Podcast
Questions and Answers
A 2-year-old child presents with persistent diarrhea, acidic stool, and presence of reducing substances in the stool. A likely diagnosis is:
A 2-year-old child presents with persistent diarrhea, acidic stool, and presence of reducing substances in the stool. A likely diagnosis is:
- Viral gastroenteritis.
- Celiac disease.
- Lactose intolerance. (correct)
- Cystic fibrosis.
A child with short stature, antimongoloid slant, undescended testes, delayed puberty and pulmonary atresia is found to have a normal karyotype. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A child with short stature, antimongoloid slant, undescended testes, delayed puberty and pulmonary atresia is found to have a normal karyotype. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- Klinefelter syndrome.
- Turner syndrome.
- Down syndrome.
- Noonan syndrome. (correct)
What is the recommended first-line treatment for Kawasaki disease?
What is the recommended first-line treatment for Kawasaki disease?
- IV Immunoglobulins. (correct)
- Aspirin alone.
- Corticosteroids.
- Antibiotics
What is the best approach for a 3-year-old child experiencing diurnal enuresis and soiling of clothes?
What is the best approach for a 3-year-old child experiencing diurnal enuresis and soiling of clothes?
A neonate exhibits vaginal bleeding shortly after birth. What is the most appropriate initial management?
A neonate exhibits vaginal bleeding shortly after birth. What is the most appropriate initial management?
What is the cause of cyanosis with a normal-sized heart?
What is the cause of cyanosis with a normal-sized heart?
In a newborn, what condition is suggested by the antenatal ultrasound finding of a 'frog sign'?
In a newborn, what condition is suggested by the antenatal ultrasound finding of a 'frog sign'?
In preterm infants, physiological jaundice typically lasts for how many days?
In preterm infants, physiological jaundice typically lasts for how many days?
Which diagnostic imaging modality is preferred as the initial investigation for suspected neonatal hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
Which diagnostic imaging modality is preferred as the initial investigation for suspected neonatal hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
For accurate measurement of axillary temperature in a newborn, how long should the thermometer be kept in place?
For accurate measurement of axillary temperature in a newborn, how long should the thermometer be kept in place?
Which method provides the most definitive measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Which method provides the most definitive measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Besides leucocytosis and infectious or non-infectious cause, which of the following is a characteristic of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)?
Besides leucocytosis and infectious or non-infectious cause, which of the following is a characteristic of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)?
Concerning the use of intravenous (IV) fluids for a 2 year old child with severe dehydration, what is the appropriate administration guideline?
Concerning the use of intravenous (IV) fluids for a 2 year old child with severe dehydration, what is the appropriate administration guideline?
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children?
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children?
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in newborns?
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in newborns?
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in adults?
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in adults?
What type of ventricular septal defect (VSD) is most common?
What type of ventricular septal defect (VSD) is most common?
Edema that arises in a child with severe malnutrition relates to what type of electrolyte imbalance?
Edema that arises in a child with severe malnutrition relates to what type of electrolyte imbalance?
At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically fuse?
At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically fuse?
In treating pediatric diarrhea, which supplement is often beneficial?
In treating pediatric diarrhea, which supplement is often beneficial?
Flashcards
Characteristics of SIRS
Characteristics of SIRS
Inflammation response characterized by leucocytosis and infectious or non-infectious causes.
Milk-fed child with diarrhea
Milk-fed child with diarrhea
This suggests lactose intolerance, especially with acidic stool and reducing substances present.
Noonan Syndrome
Noonan Syndrome
Short stature, antimongoloid slant, undescended testes, delayed puberty, pulmonary atresia with normal karyotype
Zinc and diarrhea
Zinc and diarrhea
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Physiological jaundice duration
Physiological jaundice duration
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IOC for pyloric stenosis
IOC for pyloric stenosis
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Axillary temperature time
Axillary temperature time
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Definitive GFR estimation
Definitive GFR estimation
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Common GFR estimation
Common GFR estimation
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TOC for Kawasaki disease
TOC for Kawasaki disease
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Enuresis management
Enuresis management
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Neonate vaginal bleeding
Neonate vaginal bleeding
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Cardiothoracic ratio in TOF
Cardiothoracic ratio in TOF
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Cyanosis with normal heart
Cyanosis with normal heart
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Cyanosis with left heart enlargement
Cyanosis with left heart enlargement
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Diagnosing Spinal dysraphism
Diagnosing Spinal dysraphism
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Spina bifida occulta tests
Spina bifida occulta tests
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Spina bifida occulta tests
Spina bifida occulta tests
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Spina bifida occulta tests
Spina bifida occulta tests
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Ossification Center location
Ossification Center location
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Study Notes
Key Facts for FMGE
- Ossification center appears just before birth at the lower end of the femur.
- Parachute reflex persists forever.
- Ponderal's index for small for gestational age child is <2.
- Characteristics of SIRS include leucocytosis, infectious or non-infectious cause, and oral temperature >38°.
- A two-year-old child fed on milk diet presents with persistent diarrhea, acidic stool on two separate occasions, and presence of reducing substance in the stool, which can diagnose Lactose intolerance.
- Short stature; antimongoloid slant, undescended testes, delayed puberty, and pulmonary atresia with normal karyotype suggest Noonan syndrome.
- Rash of chicken pox is pleomorphic.
- The dose of zinc for pediatric diarrhea is 20 mg.
- The most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children is intussusception.
- The most common cause of intestinal obstruction in newborns is duodenal atresia.
- The most common cause of intestinal obstruction in adults is post-operative adhesions.
- The most common VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect) is perimembranous.
- Skimmed milk contains less fats.
- A child with severe malnutrition after giving proper nutrition develops edema due to hypernatremia.
- The anterior fontanelle fuses by 18 months.
- Zinc is useful in acute diarrhea.
- Physiological jaundice in preterm babies lasts for 14 days.
- Initial test / Investigation of choice (IOC) for neonatal hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is USG (ultrasonography).
- Intravenous (I/V) fluid should be administered at 30 ml per 30 minutes on a 2 year old child with severe dehydration.
- For accurate measurement of axillary temperature in a newborn, a thermometer should be kept for 3 minutes.
- The most definitive method of estimating GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is inulin clearance.
- The most commonly used method of estimating GFR is serum creatinine.
- Treatment of choice (TOC) for Kawasaki disease is I/V immunoglobulins.
- The best management of a 3-year-old child with diurnal enuresis and soiling of clothes is behavioral modification.
- Preferred management of a neonate with vaginal bleeding is observation.
- The cardiothoracic ratio in Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is normal.
- The most common cause of cyanosis with a normal-sized heart is TOF.
- MC cause of cyanosis with left side enlargement of heart is tricuspid atresia.
- Spinal dysraphism is diagnosed by elevated amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase.
- Tests for spina bifida occulta: Antenatal USG showing frog sign - Anencephaly, amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase, and maternal serum a-feto protein.
Aneuploidies and Related Markers:
- Turner's syndrome: ↑ Inhibin A & hCG, ↓ Estriol & AFP.
- Patau's syndrome: ↑ Inhibin A, hCG, & AFP.
- Down's syndrome: ↑ Inhibin A & hCG, ↓ Estriol & AFP
- Edward's syndrome: ↓↓ hCG & Estriol.
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