Podcast
Questions and Answers
Use ______ fluoroscopy to reduce patient dose by as much as 90 %.
Use ______ fluoroscopy to reduce patient dose by as much as 90 %.
intermittent
The ______ feature holds the last image obtained in digital storage and displays it on the monitor.
The ______ feature holds the last image obtained in digital storage and displays it on the monitor.
last-image-hold
Avoid the ______ mode, which can increase patient dose between 2 and 10 times that of the standard mode.
Avoid the ______ mode, which can increase patient dose between 2 and 10 times that of the standard mode.
magnification
Keep the patient-to-______ intensifier distance as short as possible during mobile fluoroscopic studies with a C-arm.
Keep the patient-to-______ intensifier distance as short as possible during mobile fluoroscopic studies with a C-arm.
Reduce the number of ______ films and reduce the spot film size to minimize radiation exposure.
Reduce the number of ______ films and reduce the spot film size to minimize radiation exposure.
Radiographers can minimize exposure to department visitors by ensuring that all ______ doors remain closed during radiographic procedures.
Radiographers can minimize exposure to department visitors by ensuring that all ______ doors remain closed during radiographic procedures.
Visitors should move at least ______ m away from the source of radiation during mobile radiographic procedures.
Visitors should move at least ______ m away from the source of radiation during mobile radiographic procedures.
Visitors who want to accompany patients or observe a radiographic examination should remain behind a ______ barrier or wear protective apparel, or both.
Visitors who want to accompany patients or observe a radiographic examination should remain behind a ______ barrier or wear protective apparel, or both.
The ______ concept should be used during all diagnostic x-ray procedures.
The ______ concept should be used during all diagnostic x-ray procedures.
Using high ______ and low milliampere-second exposure factor is the most effective method of reducing patient exposure.
Using high ______ and low milliampere-second exposure factor is the most effective method of reducing patient exposure.
The ______ of radiation emitted by the x-ray source is primarily controlled by mAs.
The ______ of radiation emitted by the x-ray source is primarily controlled by mAs.
High-speed ______ receptor systems can reduce patient exposure by requiring a lower mAs value.
High-speed ______ receptor systems can reduce patient exposure by requiring a lower mAs value.
Proper ______ can reduce the patient's entrance skin dose by as much as 90 %.
Proper ______ can reduce the patient's entrance skin dose by as much as 90 %.
The ______ program recommends using high kilovolt and low milliampere-second exposure factor for radiographic examinations.
The ______ program recommends using high kilovolt and low milliampere-second exposure factor for radiographic examinations.
Excessive ______ can produce images that may be of poor diagnostic quality.
Excessive ______ can produce images that may be of poor diagnostic quality.
Computerized radiographic (CR) and direct to digital radiographic (DR) systems are more critical in controlling ______ exposure.
Computerized radiographic (CR) and direct to digital radiographic (DR) systems are more critical in controlling ______ exposure.
The exposure control principle 'As Low As Reasonably ______' is used to minimize radiation exposure.
The exposure control principle 'As Low As Reasonably ______' is used to minimize radiation exposure.
Shielding materials with a high atomic number are best for ______ because they allow for the greatest amount of photoelectric absorption.
Shielding materials with a high atomic number are best for ______ because they allow for the greatest amount of photoelectric absorption.
Radiographers should keep the time of exposure to radiation as ______ as possible.
Radiographers should keep the time of exposure to radiation as ______ as possible.
The equation Total exposure = Exposure rate x ______ indicates that exposure is directly proportional to ______.
The equation Total exposure = Exposure rate x ______ indicates that exposure is directly proportional to ______.
Shielded booths are required for protecting the area around the control panel of ______ units.
Shielded booths are required for protecting the area around the control panel of ______ units.
The ALARA principle is used to minimize ______ dose reduction.
The ALARA principle is used to minimize ______ dose reduction.
The walls of the examination room are designed to protect ______ from unnecessary exposure.
The walls of the examination room are designed to protect ______ from unnecessary exposure.
Processor Quality Control is used to determine if the ______ is working optimally.
Processor Quality Control is used to determine if the ______ is working optimally.
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Study Notes
Minimizing Radiation Exposure
- Fluoroscopic collimation reduces patient dose by reducing the size of the x-ray beam.
- Fluoroscopic shutters also reduce patient dose by limiting the size of the x-ray beam.
- Intermittent fluoroscopy can reduce patient dose by up to 90%.
Image Acquisition Techniques
- Using the last-image-hold feature reduces total fluoroscopic time by 50-80%.
- Avoiding magnification mode reduces patient dose, as it can increase dose by 2-10 times.
Patient Protection
- Keeping the patient-to-image intensifier distance short reduces source-to-skin distance.
- Reducing the number of spot films and spot film size reduces patient dose.
Visitor Protection
- Keeping examination room doors closed during radiographic procedures minimizes exposure to visitors.
- Visitors should leave the area or move at least 2.5m away from the source of radiation.
Personnel Protection
- Keeping exposure time short minimizes radiation exposure, as exposure is directly proportional to time.
- Shielding with materials of high atomic number reduces radiation exposure.
Quality Control Program
- A quality control program involves three steps: Acceptance Testing, Routine Performance Evaluation, and Error Corrections.
Quality Control Tests
- Processor Quality Control (Sensitometry) determines if the processor is working optimally.
- System Constancy Test assures that the radiographic system is operating consistently.
Radiation Protection
- The ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) concept should be used during diagnostic x-ray procedures.
- Using high kilovolt (peak) and low milliampere-second (mAs) exposure factor reduces patient exposure.
- Using high-speed image receptor systems reduces patient exposure.
- Proper filtration removes lower energy x-rays from the primary beam, reducing patient entrance skin dose by up to 90%.
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