Fluids in the Human Body and Particle Theory
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Questions and Answers

Which fluid in the human body acts as a transport system for materials to and from cells?

  • Blood (correct)
  • Oxygen
  • Sweat
  • Saliva

What is one of the characteristics of fluids?

  • Have a definite shape
  • Have a fixed volume
  • Have the ability to flow (correct)
  • Are made of large particles

What primary role do kidneys serve in the human body regarding fluids?

  • Filter waste from the blood (correct)
  • Transport oxygen to cells
  • Aid in chemical digestion
  • Regulate body temperature

How do gas particles behave compared to liquid particles?

<p>Move freely and spread out to fill their container (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid in the body assists in starting the chemical digestion of food?

<p>Saliva (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about liquids is true?

<p>They take the shape of their container but have a definite volume. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to particles when they are heated?

<p>They move faster and spread farther apart. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of sweat in the human body?

<p>Cools the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the volume of oil that flows out of a hose dispensing oil at a flow rate of 5 liters per minute after 12 minutes.

<p>60 L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate unit to measure small volumes of fluids?

<p>Milliliters (mL) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If weight is the measure of how strongly gravity pulls on you, what does mass measure?

<p>The amount of matter in an object (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about density is correct?

<p>Density is a measure of mass per unit volume. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how controlling fluid flow is relevant in the food industry?

<p>Controlling hydrogen flow during margarine production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the density of a solid typically compare to that of a liquid?

<p>Solids are usually denser than liquids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the water level in a bathtub when a person enters it?

<p>It rises due to displacement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a dam primarily do during heavy precipitation?

<p>Store water behind it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is the flow of blood critically managed by medications?

<p>Hemophilia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can one determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object?

<p>Using the method of displacement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements best describes fluid dynamics?

<p>The study of how fluids move. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the formula for density look like?

<p>density = mass/volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do oil and water not mix?

<p>Oil is less dense than water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does aeronautics play in the study of fluids?

<p>It studies the movement of air and its effects on flight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an eddy in fluid dynamics?

<p>An area of slower-moving fluid behind an obstacle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes laminar flow?

<p>A smooth pattern of flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does turbulence have in rivers and streams?

<p>It adds oxygen to the water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does viscosity measure in a fluid?

<p>The resistance to flow of the fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is flow rate calculated?

<p>Flow rate = Volume / Time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the flow rate if the pipe diameter is increased?

<p>Flow rate increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surface tension?

<p>The strong attraction among particles at the surface of a liquid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be done to reduce cohesion in water when fighting forest fires?

<p>Add a wetting agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cohesive forces affect the flow rates of thick and thin fluids?

<p>Thick fluids show greater cohesion, leading to slower flow rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence the flow rate of a fluid?

<p>Temperature of the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of fluid movement, where does the fastest flow typically occur?

<p>At the center of pipes or streams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary factor differentiates laminar flow from turbulent flow?

<p>The pattern of fluid movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fluid typically has a higher viscosity?

<p>Honey (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as a result of plaque buildup in arteries?

<p>Decreased blood flow speed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of the oil calculated from the given mass and volume?

<p>0.93 g/mL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily determines whether an object sinks or floats in a fluid?

<p>The buoyant force acting on it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do fish maintain their buoyancy in water?

<p>By adjusting the amount of oxygen in their swim bladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the density of water as it freezes?

<p>It decreases and allows ice to float (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the ballast tanks in submarines?

<p>To control buoyancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes positive buoyancy?

<p>An object floats upward in the fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the characteristic properties of matter, why can pure gold samples always have the same density?

<p>Density is a specific property of pure substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does saltwater provide a greater buoyant force compared to freshwater?

<p>It is denser than freshwater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic property of matter is described by an object's density?

<p>It is specific to the material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows oil to float on water during an oil spill?

<p>Oil is less dense than water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrometers function differently in various liquids?

<p>They float higher in denser liquids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the buoyancy of an object as it displaces more fluid?

<p>It becomes more buoyant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the relationship between density and buoyancy?

<p>Lower density leads to more buoyancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are fluids?

Materials that have no fixed shape and can flow freely, such as liquids and gases.

Why are fluids important for the human body?

The human body is primarily composed of fluids like blood, saliva, and sweat, which are essential for various functions.

How does the body use oxygen?

Oxygen is used by the body to release energy from food.

What is the function of blood in the body?

Blood acts as a transport system, carrying nutrients to cells and removing waste products.

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What is the purpose of sweat?

Sweat helps cool the body by evaporating from the skin.

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What is the particle theory of matter?

The particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are always in motion.

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What are the properties of liquids?

Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.

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Why do fluids have the ability to flow?

Fluids can flow through, around, or over objects because their particles are free to move.

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Laminar Flow

A smooth pattern of fluid flow, often seen in pipes and hoses, where layers of fluid slide past each other without mixing.

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Turbulent Flow

An irregular, mixing pattern of fluid flow, often seen in rivers and streams, where layers of fluid mix chaotically.

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Eddy

A region of slower-moving fluid that occurs behind an obstacle, formed by fluid swirling back on itself.

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Streamlined

A smooth shape designed to reduce fluid resistance and decrease turbulence, making fluid flow smoother.

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Flow Rate

A measure of how quickly a fluid moves, measured in volume per unit time (e.g., liters per second).

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Viscosity

A measure of how easily a fluid's particles can slide past each other. Thicker fluids are more viscous and flow slower.

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Cohesion

The strong attraction between particles of a fluid, causing them to stick together, resulting in a slower flow rate.

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Surface Tension

The strong attraction between particles of a liquid's surface, creating a tight surface film.

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Adhesion

The attraction between particles of a fluid and the particles of a different substance, causing the fluid to adhere to surfaces.

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Meniscus

The curved surface of a liquid in a container, caused by adhesion between the liquid and the container.

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Flow Rate Formula

The formula for calculating flow rate, where Q is flow rate, V is volume, and t is time.

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Flow Rate (in terms of measurement)

The amount of fluid that passes a point in a given period, measured in liters per second, cubic centimeters per second, etc.

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Volume (of fluid)

The amount of space a fluid occupies, measured in liters, cubic centimeters, etc.

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Time (of fluid flow)

The duration over which the fluid flow is measured, measured in seconds, minutes, etc.

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Turbulence in Bloodstream

Plaque buildup in arteries can narrow the arteries and cause turbulence in blood flow, potentially leading to blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes.

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Fluid Mechanics

The study of how fluids behave when at rest and when moving.

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Fluid Dynamics

A branch of fluid mechanics that focuses on how fluids move.

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Aerodynamics

A part of fluid dynamics that studies how gases move.

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Hydrodynamics

A part of fluid dynamics that studies how liquids move.

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Weight

The force of gravity acting on an object. It changes depending on the strength of gravity.

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Mass

The amount of matter that makes up an object or substance. It does not change depending on location.

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Volume

The amount of space an object occupies. It can be calculated by multiplying length, width, and height.

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Displacement

A method used to find the volume of irregularly shaped objects by measuring the amount of water displaced when the object is submerged.

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Density

A measure of how much mass is contained in a unit of volume. It is calculated by dividing mass by volume.

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Liter (L)

A measure of liquid volume. 1 L is equal to 1000 mL, and 1 cm3 is equal to 1 mL

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Milliliter (mL)

One thousandth of a liter. 1 cm3 also equals 1 mL.

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Fluid Control

The process of getting fluids to flow where and when desired, and stopping them when needed.

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Aeronautics

The science of flight. It involves studying the principles of air and space travel.

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Fluid Control in the Food Industry

A challenge in the food industry to ensure fluids flow where and when needed, and stop flowing when finished.

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Blood Flow

The movement of blood throughout the body. It is regulated by the heart and blood vessels.

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Characteristic Property

A property of matter that is specific to a particular substance and can be used to distinguish one material from another.

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Buoyant Force

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it.

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Hydrometer

A device used to measure the density of a fluid.

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Plimsoll Line

The line painted on the hull of a ship that indicates the maximum safe draft in different water conditions.

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Buoyancy

The ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object submerged in it.

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Swim Bladder

A controllable, balloon-like chamber in fish that allows them to adjust their buoyancy.

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Ballast Tanks

Compartments in a ship or submarine that take in water to adjust buoyancy.

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Positive Buoyancy

The state of an object that floats upward.

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Negative Buoyancy

The state of an object that sinks.

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Neutral Buoyancy

The state of an object that remains at a constant level in a fluid.

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Sinking or Floating

The relationship between the density of an object and the density of the fluid it is submerged in determines whether the object will sink or float.

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Oil

A substance that spreads out very thinly to cover a large area.

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Desalination

The process of removing salt from seawater to make it suitable for drinking.

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Study Notes

Fluids: Characteristics and Properties

  • Fluids have no fixed shape and flow freely. This includes liquids and gases.
  • Humans rely on fluids (e.g., air, water) for survival.
  • The human body is primarily composed of fluids.

Fluids in the Human Body

  • Oxygen: Releases energy from food.

  • Blood: Transports materials to cells and removes waste.

  • Sweat: Regulates body temperature.

  • Saliva: Lubricates food for swallowing and initiates digestion.

  • Urine: Eliminates dissolved waste.

  • Stomach acid: Aids in food digestion.

  • Various body systems (circulatory, respiratory, urinary) manage fluid movement and usage.

  • Kidneys filter blood, removing waste that, if not removed, would be harmful.

  • Dialysis machines support kidney function by cleaning the blood.

Particle Theory of Matter

  • Matter is composed of tiny particles.

  • Particles have empty spaces between them.

  • Particles are constantly moving randomly.

  • Heat increases particle speed and separation.

  • Particles attract each other.

  • Solid particles are tightly packed and fixed in place.

  • Liquid particles are freer to move around.

  • Gas particles have large spaces and fill their container completely.

Ability to Flow

  • Fluids flow because their particles are mobile.
  • Flow is a key fluid property.
  • Some solids (e.g., salt, sugar) appear to flow when poured, but still maintain individual shape.
  • Some solids (like glacial ice) are considered fluids under persistent strong forces.

Types of Flow

  • Laminar flow: Smooth, consistent flow (e.g., pipes).
  • Turbulent flow: Irregular, mixing flow (e.g., rivers).
  • Eddy: Area of slower-moving fluid behind an obstacle.

Taming Turbulence

  • Streamlined shape: Reduces fluid flow resistance (e.g., cars, planes).
  • Turbulence can cause problems (e.g., riverbank erosion during heavy rain).
  • Flow rate varies among fluids (water flows faster than honey).

Flow Rate

  • Flow rate measures fluid movement (volume per unit time).
  • Factors affecting flow rate: type of fluid (thicker = slower), driving force, size of opening, and surface smoothness.

Viscosity

  • Viscosity measures fluid resistance to flow.
  • Thicker fluids (e.g., syrup) are more viscous.
  • Viscosity depends on cohesion (particle attraction) and adhesion (attraction to other substances).
  • Less viscous fluids flow faster.

Surface Tension

  • Surface tension is the strong attraction among liquid surface particles.
  • Surface tension allows some insects to walk on water.
  • Reducing surface tension can aid in water dispersal (e.g., firefighting).

Adhesion

  • Adhesion is the attraction between particles of different substances.
  • Fluids adhere to container walls, influencing flow rate (e.g., meniscus).
  • Adhesion slows fluid flow near container walls.

Calculating Flow Rate

  • Flow rate (Q) = Volume (V) / Time (t).
  • Standard Units: L/s, cm³/s, etc.

Density

  • Density measures mass per unit volume.
  • Solids are usually denser than liquids; gases are less dense than solids and liquids.
  • Density depends on particle type and packing.
  • Different substances have different densities.

Density and Buoyancy

  • Density and buoyancy link to floating/sinking.
  • Buoyant force equals the weight of displaced fluid.
  • Floating objects displace fluid equal to their weight.
  • Hydrometers float at different levels in different liquids due to varying buoyancy.

Density of Common Materials

  • A table of densities for common liquids and solids is provided.

Liquids: Oil and Water

  • Oil is less dense than water, so it floats.
  • Oil spills harm aquatic life but can be contained at the surface.

Airships, Balloons, and Blimps

  • Lighter-than-air crafts (e.g., airships, balloons, blimps) utilize buoyant forces.

Buoyancy and Fish/Submarines

  • Fish adjust buoyancy using swim bladders (controlling gas volume).
  • Submarines use ballast tanks (water intake/discharge) to vary buoyancy.

Positive, Negative, Neutral Buoyancy

  • Positive buoyancy: object floats.
  • Negative buoyancy: object sinks.
  • Neutral buoyancy: object remains in one place.

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Explore the characteristics and properties of fluids, their role in the human body, and the particle theory of matter. This quiz covers essential aspects like oxygen transport, blood circulation, and how particles behave in different states. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts of physics and biology.

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