COPY: Fluids and Electrolytes Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which assessment finding is most indicative of hypokalemia?

  • ST depression and flat or inverted T wave on ECG (correct)
  • Tall, peaked T waves on ECG
  • Bounding pulses and hypertension
  • Hyperactive bowel sounds
  • A client's serum sodium level is 130 mEq/L. Which condition does the client exhibit?

  • Hypernatremia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hyponatremia (correct)
  • A client's serum potassium level is 3.0 mEq/L. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate?

  • Increase intake of processed foods.
  • Restrict intake of bananas and oranges.
  • Maintain current dietary habits.
  • Increase intake of spinach and tomatoes. (correct)
  • Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to observe in a client with hyponatremia?

    <p>Hyperactive bowel sounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Potassium-sparing diuretics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nurse is caring for a client with hyperkalemia. Which of the following interventions should be implemented first?

    <p>Stop IV potassium infusions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client is taking lithium. The nurse notes the client's serum sodium level is low. What risk should the nurse anticipate?

    <p>Decreased lithium excretion, potentially leading to toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary selection is most appropriate for a client experiencing hyponatremia?

    <p>Canned foods and luncheon meats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to see in a client experiencing hyperkalemia?

    <p>Muscle twitching progressing to weakness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing intervention is important to implement for a client with hypernatremia?

    <p>Administer IV fluids, if fluid loss is the cause (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dehydration occurs when electrolyte loss exceeds water loss?

    <p>Hypotonic dehydration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment finding is associated with fluid volume deficit?

    <p>Oliguria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to fluid volume excess?

    <p>Kidney disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for generalized edema?

    <p>Anasarca (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with SIADH is at risk for which type of fluid imbalance?

    <p>Fluid volume excess (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is appropriate for a patient with fluid volume excess?

    <p>Restrict fluid intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of isotonic overhydration?

    <p>Excessive fluid in the extracellular fluid compartment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of the term 'third spacing'?

    <p>Movement of fluid from intravascular compartment to interstitial tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following assessment findings is associated with hypocalcemia?

    <p>Positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client with hypercalcemia is at risk for which of the following complications?

    <p>Renal calculi formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ECG change is most likely observed in a client with hypomagnesemia?

    <p>Peaked T wave, depressed ST segment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client with hypermagnesemia is likely to exhibit which of the following neurological signs?

    <p>Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary modification is most appropriate for a client with hyperphosphatemia?

    <p>Decrease intake of high-phosphorus foods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client receiving intravenous calcium gluconate for hypocalcemia should be monitored closely for which of the following complications?

    <p>Hypercalcemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is a common cause of hypophosphatemia?

    <p>Malnutrition and starvation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interventions is essential when caring for a client with hypomagnesemia?

    <p>Initiating seizure precautions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale for warming an IV calcium injection to body temperature prior to administration?

    <p>To reduce the risk of cardiac arrhythmias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client with hypercalcemia is being treated with intravenous fluids. What is the primary goal of this intervention?

    <p>To promote calcium excretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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