Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes hypovolemia?
Which of the following best describes hypovolemia?
What condition results from a loss of water and an increase in sodium concentration, in relation to fluid volume deficit?
What condition results from a loss of water and an increase in sodium concentration, in relation to fluid volume deficit?
Which of the following is an example of an isotonic fluid loss?
Which of the following is an example of an isotonic fluid loss?
What best describes 'third spacing' in the context of fluid shifts?
What best describes 'third spacing' in the context of fluid shifts?
Signup and view all the answers
A patient with significant ascites is undergoing a thoracentesis, what immediate treatment should be considered to prevent hypotensive crisis?
A patient with significant ascites is undergoing a thoracentesis, what immediate treatment should be considered to prevent hypotensive crisis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a main cause for fluid volume deficit (FVD)?
Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a main cause for fluid volume deficit (FVD)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which patient population is at a higher risk for developing fluid volume deficit due to inadequate intake?
Which patient population is at a higher risk for developing fluid volume deficit due to inadequate intake?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions can lead to increased fluid loss through third spacing?
Which of the following conditions can lead to increased fluid loss through third spacing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is the most reliable indicator for assessing fluid status in a patient with suspected dehydration?
Which of the following is the most reliable indicator for assessing fluid status in a patient with suspected dehydration?
Signup and view all the answers
A patient presents with cool, pale skin, dry mucous membranes, and sunken eyes. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
A patient presents with cool, pale skin, dry mucous membranes, and sunken eyes. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following lab values would you expect to see in a patient experiencing fluid volume deficit?
Which of the following lab values would you expect to see in a patient experiencing fluid volume deficit?
Signup and view all the answers
An infant presents with lethargy, dry mucous membranes, and a sunken fontanelle. Which of the following nursing interventions is MOST appropriate?
An infant presents with lethargy, dry mucous membranes, and a sunken fontanelle. Which of the following nursing interventions is MOST appropriate?
Signup and view all the answers
A patient is experiencing fluid volume deficit with a heart rate of 110 bpm and a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. Which of the these options would you expect?
A patient is experiencing fluid volume deficit with a heart rate of 110 bpm and a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. Which of the these options would you expect?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following actions is MOST important in preventing dehydration in older adults?
Which of the following actions is MOST important in preventing dehydration in older adults?
Signup and view all the answers
A patient with a history of vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days is diagnosed with fluid volume deficit. Which of the following is an appropriate goal for their care?
A patient with a history of vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days is diagnosed with fluid volume deficit. Which of the following is an appropriate goal for their care?
Signup and view all the answers
A patient with a 90% body burn should be treated with which type of fluid replacement?
A patient with a 90% body burn should be treated with which type of fluid replacement?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about urine specific gravity is MOST accurate?
Which of the following statements about urine specific gravity is MOST accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a risk factor for fluid volume deficit?
Which of the following is a risk factor for fluid volume deficit?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a neurological clinical manifestation of a fluid volume deficit?
Which of the following is a neurological clinical manifestation of a fluid volume deficit?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing orthostatic hypotension due to fluid volume deficit?
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing orthostatic hypotension due to fluid volume deficit?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following foods are the MOST hydrating?
Which of the following foods are the MOST hydrating?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following clinical manifestations is MOST common in pregnant women experiencing dehydration?
Which of the following clinical manifestations is MOST common in pregnant women experiencing dehydration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following actions would be considered inappropriate when managing a dehydrated child?
Which of the following actions would be considered inappropriate when managing a dehydrated child?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards
Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
The decrease in intravascular, interstitial, or intracellular fluid.
Hypovolemia
Hypovolemia
Loss of water and electrolytes resulting in decreased circulating volume.
Dehydration
Dehydration
Loss of water with an increase in sodium (Na).
Tonicity
Tonicity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Third Space Compartment
Third Space Compartment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ascites
Ascites
Signup and view all the flashcards
Etiology of FVD
Etiology of FVD
Signup and view all the flashcards
Electrolyte Imbalance
Electrolyte Imbalance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Signs of FVD
Signs of FVD
Signup and view all the flashcards
Risk Factors for FVD
Risk Factors for FVD
Signup and view all the flashcards
Signs of FVD in Children
Signs of FVD in Children
Signup and view all the flashcards
Clinical Testing for FVD
Clinical Testing for FVD
Signup and view all the flashcards
Oral Rehydration
Oral Rehydration
Signup and view all the flashcards
IV Fluid Therapy
IV Fluid Therapy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Signs of FVD in Pregnant Women
Signs of FVD in Pregnant Women
Signup and view all the flashcards
Symptoms of FVD in Older Adults
Symptoms of FVD in Older Adults
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fluid Intake Goals
Fluid Intake Goals
Signup and view all the flashcards
Monitoring Fluid Loss
Monitoring Fluid Loss
Signup and view all the flashcards
Assessing FVD Risk
Assessing FVD Risk
Signup and view all the flashcards
Education for Parents
Education for Parents
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fluid Volume Deficit Prevention
Fluid Volume Deficit Prevention
Signup and view all the flashcards
Collaboration in FVD Management
Collaboration in FVD Management
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
- FVD: Decrease in intravascular, interstitial, or intracellular fluid. Also known as hypovolemia.
- Hypovolemia is a loss of water and electrolytes, decreasing circulating volume and extracellular fluid. Loss of electrolytes can cause dehydration (loss of water and increased sodium). Hypernatremia (high sodium) is a potential complication.
- FVD develops gradually or rapidly, depending on the cause.
- Causes of FVD include trauma (like hemorrhage), nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, ileostomies, laxative abuse, diuretic use, heavy sweating, renal disorders, insensible fluid loss, heat-related losses, and insufficient fluid intake (especially in those dependent on others). Severe burns also cause considerable fluid loss (third-spacing).
- Fluid Shifts: Accumulation of fluid in a tissue or body cavity (third-spacing). Fluid is drawn from circulating blood volume, resulting in a pseudo-fluid volume loss. This trapped fluid is unavailable for normal bodily functions. Examples include ascites (abdomen) due to liver disease and excess fluid around lungs from pulmonary edema. Thoracentesis may be needed to remove excess fluid.
Tonicity
- Tonicity describes the concentration of electrolytes relative to water.
- Isotonic: Equal amounts of water and sodium are lost (e.g., NaCl/LR solutions).
- Hypertonic: More sodium than water is lost, causing cells to shrink.
- Hypotonic: Less sodium than water is lost, causing cells to swell.
Fluid Volume Deficit Risk Factors
- Factors that prevent normal intake
- Factors leading to increased fluid loss (vomiting/diarrhea/burns/hemorrhage/renal failure)
- NPO status, dysphagia, lack of access to fluids, inaccuracies in fluid replacement, and additional risk factors like illness, burns, increased sweating, elevation, and environmental stressors.
Fluid Volume Deficit Prevention
- Adequate fluid intake to replace losses.
- Address additional risk factors. This includes factors affecting the ability to take in fluids or causing increased loss like infection, high temperatures, elevated altitudes, etc.
Fluid Volume Deficit Clinical Manifestations
-
Early signs: Thirst; neurological - weakness, altered mental status, decreased level of consciousness; cardiac - tachycardia(fast heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), orthostatic hypotension; respiratory - tachypnea (fast breathing); renal - decreased urine output, dark urine; GI - constipation; muscular - fatigue, weakness, skin tenting (skin stays up when pinched), dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor, cool/pale extremities, sunken eyes, muscle cramps, loss of thirst, potential coma.
-
Diagnostics: Daily weights (loss equals fluid loss), CMP (serum electrolyte panel- including sodium, potassium, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen = elevated in dehydration and kidney function problems), glucose (low with dehydration)), Urine specific gravity (higher means more dehydrated), CBC (hematocrit elevation from concentrated blood).
Fluid Volume Deficit Treatment
- Oral rehydration: Water, sports drinks, or Pedialyte for minor loss.
- IV fluids: Normal Saline or Lactated Ringer's solutions for severe or non-tolerable losses (needed if patient can't take oral hydration). IV fluid choices depend on patient's individual needs and condition.
Fluid Volume Deficit Lifespan Considerations
- Infants and children: Higher body surface area, increased insensible fluid loss, immature kidneys, susceptible to vomitting/diarrhea. Assessment findings include dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor, fewer wet diapers, sunken eyes, and depressed fontanelles.
- Pregnant women: Morning sickness, miscarriage, or hemorrhage.
- Older adults: Often have issues with thirst perception, altered mentation, decreased access to fluids, and medication issues.
Nursing Process for FVD
- Assessment: Daily weights are critical indicators of fluid status. Assess intake and output, medication use, recent illness, prior conditions, risk factors, orthostatic hypotension, skin condition (color, tenting, turgor), level of consciousness (LOC), urine characteristics (color, output).
- Analysis/Problem Identification: Risk for injury, fluid volume deficit, ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion, dehydration, decreased circulatory volume, decreased perfusion, decreased LOC.
- Planning: Promote fluid balance, oral fluid intake (1500-2000 mL/day), recognize and address any underlying causes, evaluate and document.
- Implementation: Daily weights, I&O records, frequent vital signs, monitor labs, teach patient/family, support adequate oral intake.
- Evaluation: Electrolyte balance (including sodium and potassium), normal urine output, adequate fluid intake, normal vital signs.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD), also known as hypovolemia. It explores causes, implications, and complications related to the loss of fluid and electrolytes in the body. Understand how FVD can develop and the significance of fluid shifts within the body.
