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Hypovolemia Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is hypervolemia also known as?

Fluid retention deficiency (FRD)

Electrolyte imbalance syndrome (EIS)

Osmotic pressure overload (OPO)

Fluid volume excess (FVE) (correct)

What is the primary cause of hypervolemia?

Increase in total-body sodium content (correct)

Decrease in total-body water content

Imbalance of potassium and chloride

Altered plasma protein concentration

What can contribute to hypervolemia?

Low sodium diet and dehydration

Excessive potassium intake

Alkalosis and hyperglycemia

Heart failure, kidney dysfunction, and cirrhosis of the liver (correct)

What happens to the serum sodium concentration in hypervolemia?

Remains essentially normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between hypovolemia and dehydration?

Hypovolemia refers to loss of ECF volume, while dehydration refers to loss of water alone with increased serum sodium levels Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential causes of fluid volume deficit (FVD)?

Abnormal fluid losses, decreased intake, and third-space fluid shifts Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of serum electrolyte concentrations in fluid volume deficit (FVD)?

Serum electrolyte concentrations can remain normal, increase, or decrease in FVD Signup and view all the answers

What can cause third-space fluid shifts in the context of fluid volume deficit (FVD)?

Edema formation in burns, ascites with liver dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypervolemia

Also known as fluid volume excess (FVE)
Primary cause: excessive fluid intake or retention due to heart failure, kidney failure, or liver disease
Contributing factors: excessive IV fluid administration, hormonal imbalance, and excessive sodium intake
Serum sodium concentration: decreases due to dilution from excess fluid

Hypovolemia and Dehydration

Main difference: hypovolemia is a state of low blood volume, while dehydration is a state of inadequate body water
Hypovolemia can occur without dehydration, and vice versa

Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)

Potential causes: bleeding, diarrhea, vomiting, excessive diuresis, and severe burns
Serum electrolyte concentrations play a crucial role in FVD, as changes in sodium, potassium, and chloride levels can indicate severity
Third-space fluid shifts can occur due to inflammation, pancreatitis, or bowel obstruction, leading to FVD