Fluid Mechanics Principles and Matter Classification
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Questions and Answers

Which study focuses on fluids that are at rest?

  • Fluid Mechanics
  • Fluid Kinematics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Fluid Statics (correct)

    • Gases maintain a constant volume while filling their container.

    False

    What is the mass density of water at 4°C?

    1000 kg/m3

    The ratio of the weight of a fluid to its volume is known as specific ______.

    <p>weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties with their definitions:

    <p>Viscosity = Resistance to flow between fluid layers Specific Gravity = Ratio of a liquid's specific weight to water's specific weight Specific Volume = Volume occupied by a unit mass of fluid Surface Tension = Cohesion of liquid molecules at the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is specific gravity defined as?

    <p>Ratio of specific weight of a liquid to that of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liquids possess rigidity of form like solids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of specific weight (weight density)?

    <p>N/m3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the resistance of a fluid to flow?

    <p>Viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The viscosity of liquids increases as temperature increases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of flow is characterized by regular fluid movement with no vertical mixing?

    <p>Laminar flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In gases, viscosity __________ with an increase in temperature.

    <p>increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>Laminar Flow = Regular, smooth flow without mixing Turbulent Flow = Irregular, chaotic movement with mixing Bernoulli's Principle = Higher fluid speed equals lower pressure Venturi Principle = Increase in speed results in decreased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increasing temperature have on the viscosity of gases?

    <p>Increases viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pressure has a significant effect on the viscosity of liquids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the practical application of understanding viscosity in relation to oil drilling?

    <p>To maintain sensitive viscosity for effective drilling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of fluid mechanics?

    <p>The action of forces on fluids at rest and in motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Density is more significant in fluid mechanics than viscosity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle states that an increase in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure?

    <p>Bernoulli's principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Venturi Principle is based on the _______ of fluid velocity and pressure.

    <p>relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following fluid properties with their explanations:

    <p>Viscosity = Resistance of a fluid to flow Density = Mass per unit volume of a fluid Pressure = Force exerted per unit area Buoyancy = Upward force exerted on objects immersed in a fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What teaching strategy is mentioned for helping students connect theory and application in fluid mechanics?

    <p>Discussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Online delivery of courses became necessary due to the normal circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main teaching resource mentioned for the fluid mechanics course?

    <p>LMS Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of ________ is essential in understanding how fluids behave under various forces.

    <p>fluid mechanics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topic was not covered on Monday's lesson?

    <p>Properties of Solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What frequency range do membrane absorbers most effectively absorb?

    <p>60Hz-250Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Membrane absorbers are porous and rigid materials that work well with higher frequencies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one common building element that functions as a membrane absorber.

    <p>Panel windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resonance absorbers consist of plates that include __________ materials.

    <p>perforated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following materials to their types of sound absorption:

    <p>Carpet = Membrane Absorber Gypsum board = Resonance Absorber Mineral Wool = Porous Absorber Upholstered Seats = Membrane Absorber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of room acoustics is primarily concerned with providing the best conditions for sound production and reception?

    <p>Acoustic Requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A concave reflector is considered the best type of reflector for sound.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of incident sound is typically reflected?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For specular reflection to occur, the surface needs to be __________, smooth, and large.

    <p>flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of reflectors with their characteristics:

    <p>Convex Reflector = Sound is focused Flat Reflector = Sound is dispersed Concave Reflector = Sound is reflected poorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sound energy when it hits a soft surface?

    <p>Energy is absorbed and converted to heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diffuse reflection occurs when the wavelength of sound is smaller than surface irregularities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflection reflects sound equally in all directions?

    <p>Diffuse Reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of materials with an absorption coefficient greater than 0.50?

    <p>They are considered sound-absorbent materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mineral fiber ceiling tiles have an absorption coefficient of 0.90.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a type of material that is considered a porous absorber.

    <p>Open-cell foam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Materials that are harder, heavier, and ________ are less effective at absorbing sound.

    <p>smoother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following materials with their absorption coefficients:

    <p>Marble = 0 Gypsum board = 0.05 Thick residential carpet = 0.50 Mineral fiber ceiling tiles = 0.90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sound waves when they penetrate a porous absorber?

    <p>They are dampened and converted into heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Materials with absorption coefficients less than 0.20 are generally considered sound-absorbing materials.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sound absorption coefficient used for?

    <p>To evaluate sound absorption efficiency of materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as an unwanted sound?

    <p>Noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated sound levels can lead to increased workplace efficiency.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of airborne sound insulation?

    <p>To reduce sound transmission through floors and walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific study of sound waves known as?

    <p>Acoustics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sound is a movement of energy caused by __________.

    <p>vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Impact sound is produced by vibrating the surrounding air.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following effects of noise with their descriptions:

    <p>Hearing impairment = Damage to hearing ability Hypertension = High blood pressure often linked to stress Sleep disturbance = Difficulty in maintaining a restful sleep Decrease in performance = Lower productivity in tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flanking transmission occurs when sound is transmitted through __________ parts of a structure.

    <p>adjoining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of noise pollution on quality of life?

    <p>Creating unpleasant environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sound categories with their descriptions:

    <p>Airborne Sound = Produces noise by vibrating surrounding air Impact Sound = Noise generated by direct physical contact Flanking Transmission = Sound transmitted indirectly through structure Noise = Unwanted sound with a negative perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acoustics only deals with noise and does not consider pleasant sounds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one health effect associated with elevated sound levels.

    <p>Hearing impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main reasons for the difficulty in addressing noise pollution?

    <p>Large number of sources of noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hearing in humans is limited to frequencies between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main focus areas of sound environment study?

    <p>Noise control and room acoustics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With urbanization and technological advancement, noise sources are becoming increasingly ______.

    <p>powerful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sound source to its category:

    <p>Traffic noise = External sounds Occupants' conversations = Internal sounds Airplane noise = External sounds HVAC systems = Internal sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species can perceive vibrations higher than 20 kHz?

    <p>Dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temporary nature of noise makes it easier to take coherent action against it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What growing demand is expected from the public regarding noise pollution?

    <p>Better quality environment and quieter surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fluid Mechanics Principles

    • Fluid mechanics is the science of forces acting on fluids (liquids and gases), in motion or at rest
    • Fluid statics is the study of fluids at rest, where pressure forces aren't considered
    • Fluid kinematics is the study of fluids in motion, neglecting pressure forces
    • Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion, considering pressure forces

    Matter Classification

    • Matter exists in two states: solid and fluid
    • This classification is based on the spacing between molecules and the behavior under stress
    • Solids have closely packed molecules, resulting in rigidity and fixed form
    • Fluids (liquids and gases) have molecules that move freely, lacking rigidity and fixed form

    Fluid Properties

    • Mass: The amount of matter
    • Density: Mass per unit volume (kg/m³)
    • Specific Weight/Weight Density: Weight per unit volume (N/m³). Water at 20°C has a specific weight of 9.79 kN/m³.
    • Specific Volume: Volume occupied by a unit mass (m³/kg)
    • Specific Gravity (S): Ratio of specific weight of a fluid to the specific weight of water at 4°C. The specific weight of water at atmospheric pressure is 9810 N/m³.
    • Viscosity: Resistance to flow between adjacent layers of a fluid.
      • High viscosity: slow flow (honey)
      • Low viscosity: fast flow (water)
    • Surface Tension: Tendency of liquid surfaces to shrink into the minimum surface area.
    • Vapor Pressure: Pressure exerted by the vapor of a liquid in equilibrium with its liquid phase
    • Capillarity: Ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or in opposition to, external forces like gravity.
    • Cavitation: Formation of vapor cavities (bubbles) within a liquid when under pressure.

    Viscosity

    • Viscosity varies based on temperature and fluid type (liquid vs. gas).
      • Liquids: Viscosity typically decreases with increasing temperature.
      • Gases: Viscosity typically increases with increasing temperature due to increased collisions between molecules
    • Laminar flow refers to smooth, layer-by-layer fluid flow
    • Turbulent flow refers to irregular and chaotic fluid flow when moving at higher velocities

    Bernoulli's Principle

    • In a horizontal fluid flow, higher fluid speed corresponds to lower pressure.
    • Bernoulli's equation: describes the relationship between fluid pressure, velocity, and elevation in a steady flow. The equation is P + ρv²/2 + ρgh = constant (along a streamline)

    Venturi Effect

    • Increase in fluid speed results in a decrease in internal pressure. The Venturi effect is used in various applications, from household plumbing to wind-induced building design.

    Practical Applications

    • Plumbing systems use the principles of fluid mechanics to prevent sewer gases from entering houses. The U-shaped trap in sinks and drains is an example of this.
    • Fluid flow design affects the performance of pumps and other equipment and the flow behavior of pipes
    • Correct design factors in for fluid flow can increase efficiency in various systems. For example, the design of pipes and channels can affect the flow behavior influencing the performance of pumps and other systems.

    Sound Characteristics

    • Room acoustics deals with controlling sound within enclosed spaces. The best conditions for sound (e.g., speech and music) need to be considered.
    • Acoustic requirements depend on space type and purpose.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of fluid mechanics, including fluid statics, kinematics, and dynamics. Understand the classification of matter, focusing on the properties that define solids and fluids. This quiz covers essential principles and properties like density, specific weight, and specific gravity.

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