AED122 Fluid Mechanics Principles Lesson Plan PDF

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING & DESIGN AED122: Lesson: Fluid Mechanics Principles Dilshan R. Ossen, Ph.D Associate Professor ...

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING & DESIGN AED122: Lesson: Fluid Mechanics Principles Dilshan R. Ossen, Ph.D Associate Professor  Lesson Plan for the Week (12) Name of the Course Instructor: Dilshan Ossen Academic Year: 2022-2023 Semester: One College Programme Course Code Course Title No. of Students Room No. CAED Bachelor in Architectural AED122 Building Physics and Material Properties 19 C4-C10 Engineering Day & Date Topic/s to be Covered Time Lesson Phase CILOs to be Teaching Strategy/ Teaching Resources Covered Methodology Highlighting the lesson plan - Development of students A1 Properties of Liquid & Gas learning goals - Explanation LMS Material A2 Monday Fluid Mechanics principals – Viscosity - Connecting the theory and - Discussion 05-12-2022 14:00– 15:30 application A3 MSTeams Viscosity of Liquid & Gas with Temperature B1 Video Documentary Bernoulli's principle - Orientation & Reflection Definition Venturi Principle Day & Date Topic/s to be Covered Time Lesson Phase CILOs to be Teaching Strategy/ Teaching Resources Covered Methodology Thursday Revision: (Review) - Set the purpose A1 - Discussion - LMS Materials 08-12-2022 Methodology of Daylight Experiment -Discussion A2 - Use of Excel graphs - Collected Data Analysis of Data Collection (Assignment 02) 14:00 – 15:30 B2 C2 * Because of the exceptional circumstances of (COVID-19 pandemic, the course is delivered online through MS TEAMS Name Position Signature Prepared by Course Instructor Dilshan Ossen Reviewed by Course Coordinator Samy Elbialy INTRODUCTION Fluid mechanics is the science that deals with the action of forces on fluids at rest as well as in motion. If the fluids are at rest, the study of them is called fluid statics. If the fluids are in motion, where pressure forces are not considered, the study of them is called fluid Kinematics If the fluids are in motion and the pressure forces are considered, the study of them is called fluid dynamics. FLUID Matter exists in two states- the solid state and the fluid state. This classification of matter is based on the spacing between different molecules of matter as well as on the behavior of matter when subjected to stresses. Because molecules in solid state are spaced very closely, solids possess compactness and rigidity of form. The molecules in fluid can move more freely within the fluid mass and therefore the fluids do not possess any rigidity of form. Thus, Fluid exist in two form:- Liquid Gas  WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE Liquids, flow and take the shape of their container but maintain a constant volume. Gases expand to fill the available volume The Particle Models FLUID PROPERTIES Mass Density Specific Weight Specific Volume Specific Gravity Viscosity Surface tension Vapour Pressure Capillarity Cavitation MASS DENSITY / DENSITY 𝝆 The “mass per unit volume” is mass density. Hence it has units of kilograms per cubic meter. The mass density of water at 4 oC is 1000 kg/m3 while it is 1.20 kg/m3 for air at 20oC at standard pressure. SPECIFIC WEIGHT OR WEIGHT DENSITY 𝜸 It is the ratio between the weight if a fluid to its volume. It is also weight per unit volume of a fluid. Its unit is N/m3. Water at 20 oC has a specific weight of 9.79 kN/m3 𝜸=𝝆g SPECIFIC VOLUME It is defined as the volume of a fluid occupied by a unit mass or volume per unit mass of a fluid is called specific volume. SPECIFIC GRAVITY (S) The ratio of specific weight of a given liquid to the specific weight of water at a standard reference temperature (4oC)is defined as specific gravity, S. The specific weight of water at atmospheric pressure is 9810 N/m3. Viscosity It is defined as the property of a fluid which offers resistance to the movement of one layer of fluid over another adjacent layer of the fluid. The reciprocal of the viscosity is called the fluidity, a measure of the ease of flow. Viscosity Different kinds of fluids flow more easily than others. Oil, for example, flows more easily than molasses (Treacle, Syrup): This is because molasses has a higher viscosity, which is a measure of resistance to fluid flow. Inside a pipe or tube a very thin layer of fluid right near the walls of the tube are motionless because they get caught up in the microscopic ridges of the tube. Layers closer to the center move faster and the fluid sheers. The middle layer moves the fastest.  VARIATION OF VISCOSITY WITH TEMPERATURE Liquids – cohesion and momentum transfer Viscosity decreases as temperature increases. Relatively independent of pressure (incompressible) https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-dynamic-kinematic-viscosity-d_596.html Gases - transfer of molecular momentum Viscosity increases as temperature increases Viscosity increases as pressure increases From the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, viscosity in gases increases with temperature because the increase in kinetic energy will increase the frequency of collisions between the molecules APPLICATION OF VISCOSITY :- Transparent and storing facilities for fluids i.e., pipes, tanks Bitumen used for road construction. Designing of the sewer line or any other pipe flow viscosity play an important role in finding out its flow behaviour. Drilling for oil and gas requires sensitive viscosity. To maintain the performance of machine and automobiles by determining thickness of lubricating oil or motor oil. Viscosity Documentary Pipe Velocity The careful design and selection of pipework in a system reduces frictional losses and improves the performance of pumps and other equipment At low velocities, fluids flow in a regular manner with a constant velocity and with no vertical mixing across the wave front. This is termed laminar flow At high fluid velocities, eddies (flow currents) are formed which lead to random mixing throughout the flow cross-section. This is called turbulent flow Bernoulli's principle: Within a horizontal flow of fluid, points of higher fluid speed will have less pressure than points of slower fluid speed. Definition Venturi Principle: Increase in fluid speed results in decrease in internal pressure. Bernoulli’s Theory Documentary 23 24 25 30 32 WIND & BUILDING FORM LAMINAR TURBULENT Lim YW | March 2013 33 WIND & PLAN FORM Lim Lim YW YW || March March 2013 2013 34