Fluid Dynamics: Discharge and Bernoulli's Theorem

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Questions and Answers

What formula is used to calculate the volume of water collected in the tank?

V = W x B x H1

How is the discharge (Q) defined in this context?

Q = V / t

What unit is discharge (Q) measured in?

m3/s

If the area (A) at a corresponding tube section is needed, which variable needs to be divided by A to find the velocity (V)?

Q Signup and view all the answers

How is the velocity head at a respective point calculated?

Velocity head = V^2 / (2g) Signup and view all the answers

What does the pressure head represent in the context of fluid mechanics?

Pressure head = P / w Signup and view all the answers

In the total head calculation, what are the components added together?

Velocity head and pressure head Signup and view all the answers

For the calculation of discharge, what is the first reading denoted as?

Q1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of discharge in the context of fluid mechanics?

Discharge is the volumetric flow rate of water, typically expressed in cubic meters per second. Signup and view all the answers

How can the discharge of water be measured using a measuring tank?

Discharge can be measured by filling a measuring tank and timing how long it takes to fill a certain volume using a stopwatch. Signup and view all the answers

What type of pump is used in the centrifugal pump test rig described?

The centrifugal pump test rig uses a variable speed centrifugal pump with a motor running at 2800 RPM. Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of the supply tank used in the experimental setup?

The supply tank has a capacity of 80 liters and is made of mild steel with FRP lining. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a piezometer tube fitted to the measuring tank?

A piezometer tube is used to measure the fluid pressure or the height of water in the measuring tank. Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken when handling the flow control valve?

Avoid improper handling of the flow control valve to prevent leaks or mishaps during experiments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the least count of the electronic stopwatch used in the experiment?

The electronic stopwatch has a least count of 0.01 seconds. Signup and view all the answers

What is one key safety practice to follow in the laboratory according to the outcomes mentioned?

Following safety practices is essential to ensure a safe working environment in the laboratory. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit conversion for Bourdon tube pressure gauge from kg/cm2 to N/m2?

Multiply the value in kg/cm2 by 98066.5 to get N/m2. Signup and view all the answers

What pressure reading do you expect from a manometer?

The manometer reading is typically in N/m2, depending on the fluid used and the height difference. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the importance of interpreting results in fluid mechanics experiments.

Interpreting results allows us to validate theories and understand fluid behaviors under different conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What are some considerations when concluding a fluid mechanics experiment?

Consider factors like experimental errors, equipment limitations, and fluid properties. Signup and view all the answers

What does fluid pressure indicate in practical applications?

Fluid pressure indicates the force exerted by the fluid per unit area, essential for design and safety. Signup and view all the answers

What role does a Bourdon tube play in measuring fluid pressure?

A Bourdon tube converts pressure into mechanical motion that can be displayed on a dial. Signup and view all the answers

How does the design of a manometer affect its accuracy?

The design must minimize errors from parallax, fluid density, and atmospheric conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What can affect the pressure readings in fluid systems?

Factors include temperature changes, fluid viscosity, and measuring device calibrations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of energy in the context of fluid mechanics?

Energy is defined as the capacity to do work. Signup and view all the answers

How is potential energy calculated in a fluid system?

Potential energy is denoted by Z and is due to the height or position above a datum line. Signup and view all the answers

What does kinetic energy depend on in fluid flow?

Kinetic energy depends on the velocity of the liquid and is calculated as $\frac{V^2}{g}$. Signup and view all the answers

How is pressure energy expressed mathematically in a liquid system?

Pressure energy is expressed as $\frac{P}{w}$, where P is the intensity and W is the specific weight of the liquid. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by total energy in the context of Bernoulli's theorem?

Total energy, or total head, is the sum of potential energy, kinetic energy, and pressure energy. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key components involved in Bernoulli's theorem?

The key components are potential energy, kinetic energy, and pressure energy. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow safety practices in fluid mechanics experiments?

Safety practices are important to ensure the well-being of individuals and the integrity of equipment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of good housekeeping in the laboratory?

Good housekeeping is significant as it helps maintain a safe and organized working environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Venturimeter?

To measure the rate of flow of fluid flowing through a pipe. Signup and view all the answers

List the three main parts of a Venturimeter.

Converging part, throat, and diverging part. Signup and view all the answers

How does the principle of Bernoulli’s Theorem relate to the operation of a Venturimeter?

It explains the relationship between fluid speed and pressure changes within the device. Signup and view all the answers

What is the weightage of the handling of measuring instruments in the assessment scheme?

30%. Signup and view all the answers

What is the total possible score for Process Related criteria in the assessment scheme?

15 marks. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the practical assessment is worth 10 marks?

Product Related evaluation. Signup and view all the answers

What component contributes 20% to the Product Related assessment?

Interpretation of result. Signup and view all the answers

Which two components are primarily emphasized in the Process Related weightage?

Handling of measuring instruments and calculation of final readings. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Discharge Measurement

The discharge measurement requires measuring the volume of water, time, and using a measuring tank.
The volume of water (V) can be calculated as "W x B x H1", where W is the width, B is the breadth, and H1 is the height of the water observed in the auxiliary tube.
The discharge (Q) is determined by dividing the volume of water collected by the time "Q = V/t".
The velocity (V) is determined by dividing the discharge by the area of the pipe tube.
Velocity head is calculated as (V^2)/(2g), where g is acceleration due to gravity.
Pressure head is calculated as (P/w), where P is pressure and w is specific weight of the liquid.

Bernoulli's Theorem

Bernoulli's theorem states that the total energy of a fluid remains constant for a steady flow along a streamline.
The total energy (E) can be expressed as "E=Z+ V^2/2g+ P/w" where Z is the potential energy (or potential head), V is the kinetic energy (or velocity head) and P/w is the pressure energy (or pressure head).
For each experiment reading, the total head is calculated as the sum of the velocity head and the pressure head.

Experimental Setup

The experiment involves using a centrifugal pump test rig with a measuring tank, a stopwatch, and a measuring scale.
The measuring tank collects the water discharged from the pipe to measure the volume of water.
The stopwatch measures the time taken for the water to fill the tank.
The measuring scale is needed to measure the height of the water in the auxiliary tube.

Precautions

Avoid improper handling of the flow control valve.
Be careful while handling the stopwatch.

Assessment Scheme

Assessment includes Process Related (60%) and Product Related (40%) sections.
Process Related section assesses the handling of measuring instruments and calculating final readings.
Product Related section assesses interpretation of results, conclusions drawn, and practical-related questions.

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Description

This quiz covers the concepts of discharge measurement and Bernoulli's theorem in fluid dynamics. You will learn how to calculate discharge using water volume and time, as well as explore the principles of energy conservation in fluid flow. Test your understanding of velocity, pressure head, and velocity head calculations.