B-2 Physics Fluid Dynamics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

At what standard temperature is the density of liquids and solids typically measured?

0°C

4°C (correct)

25°C

20°C

How does pressure affect the density of a gas?

Density fluctuates with temperature only.

Density decreases with increasing pressure.

Density remains unchanged.

Density increases with increasing pressure. (correct)

What is used as a reference standard for calculating the specific gravity of liquids and solids?

Water at 4°C (correct)

Mercury

Oil

Alcohol

What does density represent in relation to a substance?

The weight per unit volume Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in temperature have on the viscosity of a liquid?

Decreases viscosity Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter is described as having a definite shape and not easily compressible?

Solid Signup and view all the answers

Which device is utilized to measure the specific gravity of liquids?

Hydrometer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about fluids is true regarding viscosity?

Viscosity increases the resistance to flow Signup and view all the answers

What shape should the front of an object have for optimal subsonic streamlining?

It should be well rounded. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a liquid's viscosity if the pressure on it is very high?

It increases. Signup and view all the answers

What type of pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid that is not in motion?

Static pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an incompressible fluid?

It has relatively constant density throughout. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of liquids with low viscosity?

They flow easily. Signup and view all the answers

Why is compressibility not significant for aircraft flying at low speeds?

The motion does not affect air density considerably. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these characteristics is true of gases?

Have lots of free space between particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the reference standard for measuring the density of gases?

Air at 0°C Signup and view all the answers

Bernoulli's Theorem is primarily related to which aspect of fluids?

The behavior of moving fluids Signup and view all the answers

What happens to air density as an aircraft travels at high speeds?

Air density significantly changes as the air is compressed. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the flow of a fluid when it is streamlined?

Decreases friction and resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is dynamic pressure typically denoted by?

q or Q Signup and view all the answers

What does the total pressure of an aircraft consist of?

Static pressure and dynamic pressure. Signup and view all the answers

In fluid dynamics, what is total pressure a combination of?

Static pressure and dynamic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is commonly used to measure fluid flow velocity in aircraft?

Pitot tube Signup and view all the answers

Compressibility affects which aspect of airflow in aerodynamics?

It becomes significant at high speeds. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of static pressure in a fluid?

It reflects the actual pressure of the fluid. Signup and view all the answers

How is dynamic pressure mathematically expressed?

q = ½rV² Signup and view all the answers

What role does static pressure play in aircraft operation?

It helps calculate the aircraft's altitude. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of measuring dynamic pressure, what does the equation ½rV² = Pt – Ps signify?

The difference between total pressure and static pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What does Bernoulli's principle state about potential and kinetic energy in a fluid?

They are interchangeable but cannot be created or destroyed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Venturi tube in fluid dynamics?

To facilitate a gradual change in fluid velocity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of potential energy in a fluid?

It results from the pressure of the fluid. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of Bernoulli’s principle, which statement is false?

Pressure changes do not affect kinetic energy. Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes the pressure drop at the throat of a venturi due to the acceleration of airflow?

Bernoulli’s Theorem Signup and view all the answers

Which pressure type is felt at the leading edges of aircraft wings?

Total pressure Signup and view all the answers

In fluid dynamics, what is the primary effect of streamlining on fluid flow?

Reduces turbulence Signup and view all the answers

What role does the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of an aircraft wing play?

Generates lift Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes viscosity in relation to fluids?

The measure of a fluid's resistance to flow Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the static pressure of a fluid as its velocity increases according to Bernoulli's principle?

It decreases. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the fluid's velocity when it flows through a constriction according to the Venturi effect?

It increases. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Venturi effect, what must happen to fluid pressure as fluid velocity increases?

It decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Bernoulli's equation for incompressible flow?

Total pressure remains constant across different points in the flow. Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation of continuity state in relation to fluid flow in a tube?

The volume of fluid must remain the same at all points. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the relationship between pressure and area in a Venturi?

As area decreases, pressure decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is held constant in Bernoulli's principle across a fluid flow?

Density of the fluid. Signup and view all the answers

Where might Venturis commonly be applied?

In various engineering applications. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module: B-2 Physics, Topic 2.2.4 Fluid Dynamics

This topic covers fluid dynamics, a branch of physics focusing on fluids (liquids and gases).
Upon successful completion, students should be able to:
- Describe specific gravity and density in relation to fluids
- Describe viscosity, fluid resistance, streamlining effects, and compressibility effects in fluids.
- Describe static, dynamic, and total pressure.
- State Bernoulli's Theorem and the venturi's operation.
Solids, Liquids, and Gases are the three states of matter.
- Solids have a definite shape and volume, are not easily compressible and do not flow.
- Liquids have a definite volume, take the shape of their container, are not easily compressible, and flow.
- Gases have indefinite shape and volume, are easily compressible, and flow.
Density is a substance's weight per unit volume.
- Usually measured in pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft³) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).
- Varies with temperature for liquids and solids (standard temperature is 4°C).
- Varies with temperature and pressure for gases (standard conditions typically 0°C and 76cm Hg pressure).
Specific gravity (S.G.) is a pure number, calculated by comparing the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. The standard for liquids and solids is water at 4°C and for gases it is air at 0°C.
A hydrometer is a device used to measure the specific gravity of liquids.
Viscosity is a fluid's resistance to flow.
- Liquids with low viscosity flow easily (e.g., gasoline).
- Liquids with high viscosity flow slowly (e.g., tar).
- Viscosity in liquids decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increased pressure (in liquids).
- Viscosity in gases is not affected by pressure (under normal conditions); it increases with increasing temperature in gases.
Streamlining is shaping an object to reduce drag, by allowing the fluid to flow smoothly around the object (e.g., an aircraft body or wing):
- A flat object experiences more drag/ resistance from fluid flow compared to a curved shape object.
- The front of a streamlined object should be well rounded.
- The body should gradually curve back to a tapered rear section.
Compressibility describes the ability of fluid molecules to be compressed and bounce back to their original density.
- Liquids are largely considered incompressible.
- Gases can be either compressible or incompressible, depending on the speed of the flow
Effects of compressibility:
- At low speeds, compressibility doesn't significantly affect fluid dynamics.
- High speeds lead to a change in airflow density, meaning some of the energy of the object's movement goes into compressing the air.
Pressure in fluids:
- Static pressure is the pressure due to the weight of the fluid (atmospheric pressure).
- Dynamic pressure is the pressure due to the fluid's motion (proportional to velocity).
- Total pressure is the sum of static and dynamic pressure.
Bernoulli's Theorem states that in a steady flow of an incompressible and inviscid fluid, the sum of pressure and kinetic energy per unit volume remains constant.
The venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure when a fluid flows through a constricted section of a pipe.
- Fluid velocity increases at the narrow section to maintain flow rate.
- Pressure decreases at the narrow section because of the increased velocity.

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Description

Test your understanding of fluid dynamics, including concepts like specific gravity, viscosity, and Bernoulli's Theorem. This quiz will cover the properties of solids, liquids, and gases as well as their behaviors under different conditions. Prepare to challenge your knowledge of this essential physics topic!