Fluid Compartments and Movement in Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What force primarily drives fluid movement out of capillaries at the arterial end?

  • Oncotic pressure due to plasma proteins.
  • Lymphatic pressure.
  • The osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid.
  • Hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries. (correct)

What occurs when isotonic saline is added to the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

  • The ECF volume increases, and the concentration of solutes in the ECF also increases.
  • The ECF volume remains the same, but the osmolarity of the ECF decreases.
  • The ECF volume increases, but the concentration of solutes in the ECF remains unchanged. (correct)
  • The ECF volume decreases, while the osmolarity remains the same.

What happens to hydrostatic pressure as blood flows from the arterial end to the venous end of a capillary?

  • It decreases due to friction. (correct)
  • It increases due to the reduced speed of flow.
  • It remains constant due to the consistent diameter of the vessel.
  • It fluctuates erratically.

Why does the addition of isotonic saline not cause a change in water distribution between the ICF and ECF?

<p>Because there is no osmotic gradient created by the addition of isotonic solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes fluid to be reabsorbed back into the capillaries at the venous end?

<p>Oncotic pressure due to plasma proteins exceeding hydrostatic pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the effect of adding isotonic saline on the overall volume of fluid compartments?

<p>Increases ECF volume, with no change to ICF volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how much fluid is filtered out of the circulation into interstitial spaces daily?

<p>3 liters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At the arterial end of the capillaries, what process primarily causes fluid and substances to move out of the capillary and into the interstitial space?

<p>Filtration due to high hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system collects the excess fluid that is not reabsorbed by the venous end of the capillaries and returns it to circulation?

<p>The lymphatic system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the capillaries, as described in the content?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the composition of the fluid that is filtered out of the capillaries?

<p>It includes nutrients and other substances needed by cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the content characterize the structure of capillaries?

<p>They are one-cell thick, facilitating substance exchange. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of capillaries?

<p>Forces fluid and nutrients out of the capillaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of oncotic pressure at the venous end of capillaries?

<p>To pull tissue fluid back into the capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in capillaries?

<p>They are opposing forces that regulate fluid movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the decrease in hydrostatic pressure as blood moves from the arterial to the venous end of capillaries?

<p>The blood flow moving further away from the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for creating oncotic pressure in capillaries?

<p>Albumin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the hydrostatic pressure typically the highest in the capillary bed?

<p>At the arterial end (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do capillaries have pores?

<p>To allow the exchange of fluid and nutrients with tissue fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is blood pressure measured in relation to artery closure?

<p>By measuring the pressure that it takes to compress an artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plasma proteins inside of the capillaries?

<p>They remain inside the capillaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary force that favors filtration at the arterial end of a capillary?

<p>Hydrostatic pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pressure is primarily responsible for reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary?

<p>Oncotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins within the capillaries contribute primarily to which pressure?

<p>Oncotic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the lymphatic system in fluid balance?

<p>To drain excess interstitial fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the excess fluid removed by the lymphatic system eventually return to?

<p>To the circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides fluid balance, what is another primary function of the lymphatic system?

<p>Immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the fluid that accumulates in the interstitial space?

<p>Tissue fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the presence of the lymphatic system typically become noticeable?

<p>When the system malfunctions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure picks up the excess tissue fluid that is not reabsorbed by the venous capillaries?

<p>Lymphatic capillaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of fluid movement, what does the term 'filtration' refer to?

<p>The movement of fluid out of the capillary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary force that drives fluid out of capillaries at the arterial end?

<p>Hydrostatic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how fluid moves at the venous end of capillaries?

<p>Fluid is drawn in by colloid osmotic pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasma proteins in the microcirculation?

<p>To establish a colloid osmotic pressure that pulls fluid into capillaries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the most crucial exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and cells occur?

<p>At the level of the micro-circulation, specifically the capillaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the red blood cells passing through the capillaries?

<p>They release oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and distance from the heart?

<p>Hydrostatic pressure decreases with increasing distance from the heart. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the circulatory system according to the content?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste at the cellular level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily being carried in the blood at the venous end of the capillaries?

<p>Mainly wastes and carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two main forces are responsible for the exchange of fluids at the capillaries?

<p>Hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After passing through the capillaries, where does the blood flow toward for re-oxygenation?

<p>The veins, toward the heart and lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is isotonic saline?

Isotonic saline is a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the body's fluids (like blood). This means it won't cause water to move across cell membranes.

What happens when you add isotonic saline to the ECF?

When you add isotonic saline to the extracellular fluid (ECF), it increases the volume of the ECF because the saline stays where it was added. However, it doesn't change the concentration of the ECF because the solutes are the same as what was already there.

What are capillaries?

The capillaries are tiny blood vessels where exchange takes place between the blood and the surrounding tissues.

What happens at the arterial end of a capillary?

The arterial end of a capillary is where blood flows from the heart and into the capillaries. Here, pressure is higher, and fluids and solutes are pushed out of the capillary and into the surrounding tissues.

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What is interstitial fluid?

The fluid that's pushed out of the capillaries at the arterial end is called interstitial fluid or tissue fluid. This fluid bathes the cells and provides them with nutrients.

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What happens at the venous end of a capillary?

The venous end of a capillary is where blood flows from the capillaries back to the heart. Here, pressure is lower, and fluids and some solutes are reabsorbed back into the capillary.

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Why is fluid exchange across capillaries important?

The movement of fluids and solutes across the capillary wall is a key part of how cells get their nutrients and how waste products are removed.

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Hydrostatic Pressure

The pressure exerted by blood against the capillary walls, forcing fluid and nutrients out.

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Oncotic Pressure

The pressure exerted by proteins in the blood, pulling fluid back into the capillaries.

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Arterial End

The end of a capillary where hydrostatic pressure is high, pushing fluid and nutrients out into the surrounding tissues.

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Venous End

The end of a capillary where oncotic pressure is high, pulling fluid and nutrients back into the bloodstream.

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Albumin

The main protein found in blood that helps maintain osmotic pressure.

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Capillary Exchange

The exchange of fluids and nutrients between blood and tissues through tiny pores in capillaries.

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Filtration

The movement of fluid from the capillaries into the surrounding tissues.

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Reabsorption

The movement of fluid from the surrounding tissues back into the capillaries.

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Starling Forces

The force that drives capillary exchange, consisting of hydrostatic and oncotic pressure.

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Interstitial fluid

The fluid between cells that is exchanged with the blood through capillaries.

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What is the lymphatic system?

The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and nodes that helps to remove excess interstitial fluid, waste products, and harmful substances from the body. It also plays a role in immunity.

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What role does the lymphatic system play in fluid balance?

The lymphatic system is a drainage system that collects excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the bloodstream.

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How does the lymphatic system drain excess fluid?

Lymphatic capillaries pick up excess interstitial fluid that was not reabsorbed at the venous end of capillaries and return it to circulation.

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What is lymphedema?

The condition where the lymphatic system is unable to effectively drain excess fluid, resulting in swelling and fluid buildup in tissues.

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What is hydrostatic pressure?

The force that pushes fluid out of capillaries at the arterial end is called hydrostatic pressure. It's the pressure exerted by blood against the capillary walls.

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What is oncotic pressure?

The force that pulls fluid back into capillaries at the venous end is called oncotic pressure, also known as colloid osmotic pressure. It's created by the difference in protein concentration between blood and interstitial fluid.

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Where does the exchange between blood and cells happen?

The exchange of fluids and nutrients between blood and cells occurs at the level of the microcirculation, where the smallest blood vessels (capillaries) are located.

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Why is the circulatory system important?

The circulatory system is designed to support the exchange of fluids, nutrients, and waste products at the level of the capillaries.

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What do red blood cells do?

Red blood cells deliver oxygen to the cells and pick up carbon dioxide as waste on their return journey.

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What is hydrostatic pressure generated by?

Hydrostatic pressure is the force generated by the pumping action of the heart, which pushes blood through the circulatory system.

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What are the two forces involved in capillary exchange?

The two main pressures involved in fluid exchange across capillaries are hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out, while oncotic pressure pulls fluid in.

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Why is capillary exchange important?

The exchange of fluids and solutes across the capillary wall is a key process for cells to obtain nutrients and remove waste products.

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Study Notes

Fluid Compartments and Movement

  • Body fluids are divided into extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF).

  • ECF is further divided into plasma (part of blood) and interstitial fluid (tissue fluid).

  • ICF is contained within the cells.

  • Adding water to the body dilutes the ECF, increasing its volume and causing water to move from the higher concentration (ECF) to the lower concentration (ICF) to equalize the osmotic pressure. This process is called osmosis.

Effect of Ingesting Salt

  • Ingesting 10 grams of salt without water increases salt concentration in the ECF.
  • This high salt concentration draws water from the ICF into the ECF, increasing ECF volume.

Volume and Osmolarity After Water Intake

  • Drinking 1 liter of water increases the total body water volume.
  • The increase in volume causes the ECF and ICF to become more dilute.
  • The osmolarity (concentration of solutes) of the body fluids decreases because water dilutes the solutes.

Isotonic Saline

  • Isotonic solutions have an equivalent concentration of solutes to that of body fluids.
  • Isotonic saline maintains the normal concentrations of fluids within the body, preventing water movement.
  • Therefore, isotonic saline can be added to body fluids without affecting the net movement of water.

Fluid Filtration and Reabsorption in Capillaries

  • Fluid filtration occurs at the arterial end of capillaries due to higher blood pressure.
  • Water, nutrients, and other small molecules are pushed into the surrounding tissues.
  • At the venous end, oncotic pressure due to proteins in the blood draws fluid back into the capillaries.
  • This process balances fluid movement between blood and tissues.

Role of Lymphatic System

  • The lymphatic system collects and returns interstitial fluid to the circulatory system.
  • It helps maintain fluid balance and aids in the immune response.
  • Lymphedema is a swelling observed when the lymphatic system is compromised, causing interstitial fluid to accumulate in the tissues.

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Related Documents

ECF and ICF, Ingesting Water PDF

Description

Explore the division of body fluids into extracellular and intracellular compartments, and understand the processes of osmosis and the effects of salt ingestion. This quiz will deepen your knowledge of fluid movement and osmolarity changes following water intake.

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