Fluid Compartments and Movement in Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What force primarily drives fluid movement out of capillaries at the arterial end?

  • Oncotic pressure due to plasma proteins.
  • Lymphatic pressure.
  • The osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid.
  • Hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries. (correct)

    • What occurs when isotonic saline is added to the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

  • The ECF volume increases, and the concentration of solutes in the ECF also increases.
  • The ECF volume remains the same, but the osmolarity of the ECF decreases.
  • The ECF volume increases, but the concentration of solutes in the ECF remains unchanged. (correct)
  • The ECF volume decreases, while the osmolarity remains the same.

    • What happens to hydrostatic pressure as blood flows from the arterial end to the venous end of a capillary?

  • It decreases due to friction. (correct)
  • It increases due to the reduced speed of flow.
  • It remains constant due to the consistent diameter of the vessel.
  • It fluctuates erratically.

    • Why does the addition of isotonic saline not cause a change in water distribution between the ICF and ECF?

    <p>Because there is no osmotic gradient created by the addition of isotonic solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes fluid to be reabsorbed back into the capillaries at the venous end?

    <p>Oncotic pressure due to plasma proteins exceeding hydrostatic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the effect of adding isotonic saline on the overall volume of fluid compartments?

    <p>Increases ECF volume, with no change to ICF volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how much fluid is filtered out of the circulation into interstitial spaces daily?

    <p>3 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the arterial end of the capillaries, what process primarily causes fluid and substances to move out of the capillary and into the interstitial space?

    <p>Filtration due to high hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system collects the excess fluid that is not reabsorbed by the venous end of the capillaries and returns it to circulation?

    <p>The lymphatic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the capillaries, as described in the content?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the composition of the fluid that is filtered out of the capillaries?

    <p>It includes nutrients and other substances needed by cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the content characterize the structure of capillaries?

    <p>They are one-cell thick, facilitating substance exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of capillaries?

    <p>Forces fluid and nutrients out of the capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of oncotic pressure at the venous end of capillaries?

    <p>To pull tissue fluid back into the capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in capillaries?

    <p>They are opposing forces that regulate fluid movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the decrease in hydrostatic pressure as blood moves from the arterial to the venous end of capillaries?

    <p>The blood flow moving further away from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for creating oncotic pressure in capillaries?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the hydrostatic pressure typically the highest in the capillary bed?

    <p>At the arterial end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do capillaries have pores?

    <p>To allow the exchange of fluid and nutrients with tissue fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is blood pressure measured in relation to artery closure?

    <p>By measuring the pressure that it takes to compress an artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to plasma proteins inside of the capillaries?

    <p>They remain inside the capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force that favors filtration at the arterial end of a capillary?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pressure is primarily responsible for reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary?

    <p>Oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins within the capillaries contribute primarily to which pressure?

    <p>Oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the lymphatic system in fluid balance?

    <p>To drain excess interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the excess fluid removed by the lymphatic system eventually return to?

    <p>To the circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides fluid balance, what is another primary function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>Immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the fluid that accumulates in the interstitial space?

    <p>Tissue fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the presence of the lymphatic system typically become noticeable?

    <p>When the system malfunctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure picks up the excess tissue fluid that is not reabsorbed by the venous capillaries?

    <p>Lymphatic capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of fluid movement, what does the term 'filtration' refer to?

    <p>The movement of fluid out of the capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force that drives fluid out of capillaries at the arterial end?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how fluid moves at the venous end of capillaries?

    <p>Fluid is drawn in by colloid osmotic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma proteins in the microcirculation?

    <p>To establish a colloid osmotic pressure that pulls fluid into capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the most crucial exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and cells occur?

    <p>At the level of the micro-circulation, specifically the capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the red blood cells passing through the capillaries?

    <p>They release oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and distance from the heart?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure decreases with increasing distance from the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the circulatory system according to the content?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste at the cellular level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily being carried in the blood at the venous end of the capillaries?

    <p>Mainly wastes and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two main forces are responsible for the exchange of fluids at the capillaries?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After passing through the capillaries, where does the blood flow toward for re-oxygenation?

    <p>The veins, toward the heart and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fluid Compartments and Movement

    • Body fluids are divided into extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF).

    • ECF is further divided into plasma (part of blood) and interstitial fluid (tissue fluid).

    • ICF is contained within the cells.

    • Adding water to the body dilutes the ECF, increasing its volume and causing water to move from the higher concentration (ECF) to the lower concentration (ICF) to equalize the osmotic pressure. This process is called osmosis.

    Effect of Ingesting Salt

    • Ingesting 10 grams of salt without water increases salt concentration in the ECF.
    • This high salt concentration draws water from the ICF into the ECF, increasing ECF volume.

    Volume and Osmolarity After Water Intake

    • Drinking 1 liter of water increases the total body water volume.
    • The increase in volume causes the ECF and ICF to become more dilute.
    • The osmolarity (concentration of solutes) of the body fluids decreases because water dilutes the solutes.

    Isotonic Saline

    • Isotonic solutions have an equivalent concentration of solutes to that of body fluids.
    • Isotonic saline maintains the normal concentrations of fluids within the body, preventing water movement.
    • Therefore, isotonic saline can be added to body fluids without affecting the net movement of water.

    Fluid Filtration and Reabsorption in Capillaries

    • Fluid filtration occurs at the arterial end of capillaries due to higher blood pressure.
    • Water, nutrients, and other small molecules are pushed into the surrounding tissues.
    • At the venous end, oncotic pressure due to proteins in the blood draws fluid back into the capillaries.
    • This process balances fluid movement between blood and tissues.

    Role of Lymphatic System

    • The lymphatic system collects and returns interstitial fluid to the circulatory system.
    • It helps maintain fluid balance and aids in the immune response.
    • Lymphedema is a swelling observed when the lymphatic system is compromised, causing interstitial fluid to accumulate in the tissues.

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    ECF and ICF, Ingesting Water PDF

    Description

    Explore the division of body fluids into extracellular and intracellular compartments, and understand the processes of osmosis and the effects of salt ingestion. This quiz will deepen your knowledge of fluid movement and osmolarity changes following water intake.

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