Fluid Compartments and Body Fluid Balance
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason why an infant, especially one born prematurely, has a higher amount of body fluid compared to an elderly person?

  • Lower body fat percentage
  • Greater metabolic rate (correct)
  • Higher lean body mass
  • Less water retention
  • Why do females tend to have less body fluid compared to males?

  • They have a lower metabolic rate
  • They have a lower sweat rate
  • They have a higher percentage of body fat (correct)
  • They have a higher percentage of lean body mass
  • What happens to the body's fluid content when it is exposed to excess heat?

  • The body's metabolic rate slows down
  • The sympathetic nervous system is suppressed
  • The body loses more water through sweat (correct)
  • The body retains more water
  • What is the term used to describe the normal distribution of fluid in the body?

    <p>First spacing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of 1 liter of water?

    <p>2.2 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best indicator of fluid status?

    <p>Sudden weight gain or loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is decreased secretion of aldosterone?

    <p>Sodium and water loss and potassium retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parathyroid gland?

    <p>Regulating calcium and phosphate balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the thirst center?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated daily fluid volume requirement for an adult?

    <p>30-40ml/kg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the balance between fluid intake and output in a healthy person?

    <p>Intake = Output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the elements for assessing fluid balance and hydration status?

    <p>Clinical assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>Regulation of ECF volume and electrolyte levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the lungs contribute to maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>By removing excess water from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>To manufacture ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aldosterone on the body?

    <p>It increases sodium retention and potassium loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if the heart's pumping action fails?

    <p>Renal perfusion and fluid and electrolyte regulation would be impaired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal creatinine level in females?

    <p>0.5-1.1 mg/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the posterior pituitary in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>It stores ADH for release during need</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ responsible for maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications can contribute to fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to cardiovascular disease lead to?

    <p>Sodium and water retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases can affect acid-base balance?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of fluid volume excess?

    <p>Distended neck veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of monitoring weight and vital signs in patients with fluid volume excess?

    <p>To identify early signs of fluid volume excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is edema typically most apparent in?

    <p>Areas with low tissue pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring the circumferences of extremities in patients with edema?

    <p>To assess the extent of peripheral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected effect of placing a patient in Fowler's position?

    <p>Decreased edema in dependent tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of restricting dietary sodium in patients with fluid volume excess?

    <p>To decrease fluid retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

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