Fluid Compartments and Body Fluid Balance

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What is the main reason why an infant, especially one born prematurely, has a higher amount of body fluid compared to an elderly person?

Lower body fat percentage

Greater metabolic rate (correct)

Higher lean body mass

Less water retention

Why do females tend to have less body fluid compared to males?

They have a lower metabolic rate

They have a lower sweat rate

They have a higher percentage of body fat (correct)

They have a higher percentage of lean body mass

What happens to the body's fluid content when it is exposed to excess heat?

The body's metabolic rate slows down

The sympathetic nervous system is suppressed

The body loses more water through sweat (correct)

The body retains more water

What is the term used to describe the normal distribution of fluid in the body?

First spacing Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of 1 liter of water?

2.2 pounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the best indicator of fluid status?

Sudden weight gain or loss Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is decreased secretion of aldosterone?

Sodium and water loss and potassium retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the parathyroid gland?

Regulating calcium and phosphate balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the thirst center?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated daily fluid volume requirement for an adult?

30-40ml/kg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the balance between fluid intake and output in a healthy person?

Intake = Output Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the elements for assessing fluid balance and hydration status?

Clinical assessment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?

Regulation of ECF volume and electrolyte levels Signup and view all the answers

How do the lungs contribute to maintaining homeostasis?

By removing excess water from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in maintaining homeostasis?

To manufacture ADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aldosterone on the body?

It increases sodium retention and potassium loss Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if the heart's pumping action fails?

Renal perfusion and fluid and electrolyte regulation would be impaired Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal creatinine level in females?

0.5-1.1 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the posterior pituitary in maintaining homeostasis?

It stores ADH for release during need Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organ responsible for maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications can contribute to fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances?

Diuretics Signup and view all the answers

What can decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to cardiovascular disease lead to?

Sodium and water retention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases can affect acid-base balance?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of fluid volume excess?

Distended neck veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of monitoring weight and vital signs in patients with fluid volume excess?

To identify early signs of fluid volume excess Signup and view all the answers

What is edema typically most apparent in?

Areas with low tissue pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring the circumferences of extremities in patients with edema?

To assess the extent of peripheral edema Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected effect of placing a patient in Fowler's position?

Decreased edema in dependent tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of restricting dietary sodium in patients with fluid volume excess?

To decrease fluid retention Signup and view all the answers