Fluid Balance Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a nonpharmacological method for pain relief?

  • Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
  • Opioid antagonists (correct)
  • Cognitive-behavioral interventions
  • Heat application

    • What is the purpose of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?

  • To monitor oxygen levels continuously
  • To administer fixed doses of pain medication
  • To eliminate the need for healthcare provider intervention
  • To allow patients to self-administer pain relief (correct)

    • What should the LPN primarily focus on when administering analgesics?

  • Only using oral routes for medication administration
  • Providing placebos for pain relief
  • Maintaining an accurate record of patient's emotional state
  • Evaluating client response to medication and its effects (correct)

    • Which of the following is a valid route of analgesic administration?

    <p>Intraspinal and intramuscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the use of placebos in pain treatment?

    <p>They are only used in clinical trials with informed consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serum potassium level is indicative of hyperkalemia?

    <p>5.3 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is least likely to contribute to hyperkalemia?

    <p>Excessive exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sign is associated with hypocalcemia when a BP cuff is inflated?

    <p>Trousseau sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient group is at highest risk for hypocalcemia?

    <p>Postmenopausal women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary recommendation should be made to a patient with hyperkalemia?

    <p>Limit dietary potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceptable range for normal serum calcium levels?

    <p>8.2-10.2 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common dietary source is high in calcium?

    <p>Canned salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are patients advised to avoid for 24 hours after sedation?

    <p>Driving or operating machinery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement before a procedure involving sedation?

    <p>Administering a dose of general anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern when caring for a patient post-surgery?

    <p>Preventing falls and ensuring airway safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can a patient be considered ready for discharge after sedation?

    <p>When they have retained oral fluids and can ambulate safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the monitoring frequency for vital signs during the immediate postoperative phase?

    <p>Every 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of prehabilitation in the preoperative phase?

    <p>Enhancing the patient's recovery outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as influencing surgical outcomes?

    <p>Level of education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be discussed with patients before surgery regarding pain management?

    <p>Pain management plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emotion can significantly affect a patient's preoperative experience?

    <p>Fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can controlling anxiety preoperatively benefit the patient's recovery?

    <p>It minimizes surgical risks and improves outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient is primarily associated with tissue repair and healing after surgery?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to screen for nutritional deficiencies before surgery?

    <p>To lessen the metabolic stress of surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient expresses extreme fear before surgery?

    <p>Inform the surgeon for possible reevaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a risk of uncontrolled pain?

    <p>Breakdown of tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method may NOT provide relief from suffering?

    <p>Ignoring the discomfort altogether</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes pseudo-addiction?

    <p>Inadequate pain relief leading to drug-seeking behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility for pain management?

    <p>The patient themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is NOT typically involved in interrupting pain?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of pain includes nerve damage?

    <p>Neuropathic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of modulation in pain transmission?

    <p>Interfering with pain signals to reduce pain perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a cultural consideration during pain assessment?

    <p>Assuming similar treatment preferences for all patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the initiation of a painful stimulus being converted into an electrical impulse?

    <p>Transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of opioid tolerance?

    <p>Diminished response, requiring higher doses for relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one responsibility of the PACU nurse regarding patient assessment?

    <p>Monitor anesthesia effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken if a patient exhibits respiratory depression in the PACU?

    <p>Position the patient on their side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a criterion for identifying PACU discharge readiness?

    <p>Stable vital signs within normal limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does accurate I&O monitoring help detect in a PACU patient?

    <p>Fluid imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of data collection regarding cardiovascular function in the PACU?

    <p>Skin temperature and color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desired outcome for a patient with an ineffective breathing pattern in the PACU?

    <p>Normal respiratory rate and clear lung sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate nursing action to take when monitoring a patient's surgical site in the PACU?

    <p>Observe for signs of infection or excessive drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is essential during the bedside hand-off report to the receiving nurse?

    <p>The name and allergies of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fluid Balance

    • Intracellular fluid (ICF) is fluid inside cells.
    • Extracellular fluid (ECF) is fluid outside cells.
    • Interstitial fluid surrounds cells and includes lymph.
    • Intravascular fluid is blood plasma in arteries, veins, and capillaries.
    • Transcellular fluids are in specific compartments like cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), digestive juices, and synovial fluid.
    • Pressure sensors in the vascular system control ADH release.
    • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes kidneys to retain fluid if pressure is low and release it if pressure is high.
    • Active transport moves substances like sodium and potassium across cell membranes using energy.
    • Passive transport moves substances from high to low concentration without energy.
    • Diffusion is a type of passive transport.
    • Filtration is water and small molecules moving from an area of high pressure to low pressure through a semipermeable membrane.
    • Osmosis is the movement of water from low to high concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

    Control of Fluid Balance

    • Pressure sensors in the vascular system control ADH (antidiuretic hormone) release.
    • ADH is released from the pituitary gland.
    • ADH regulates fluid retention in the kidneys.
    • If fluid pressure is low, more ADH is released to retain water.
    • If fluid pressure is high, less ADH is released to eliminate more water.

    Movement of Fluids and Electrolytes in the Body

    • Active transport requires energy.
    • Passive transport does not require energy.
    • Substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
    • Examples of active transport are sodium-potassium pumps.

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    Med Surg Quiz 1 PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of fluid balance including intracellular and extracellular fluids, types of body fluids, and the role of hormones like ADH. Learn about active and passive transport mechanisms as well as processes like diffusion, filtration, and osmosis. This quiz will help you understand how fluids move within the body and their significance in maintaining homeostasis.

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