Fluid Balance in Human Physiology

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What percentage of an adult's weight is comprised of water?

70%

80%

50%

60% (correct)

Which compartment contains fluid within the cells?

Transcellular Fluid

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Interstitital Fluid

Intracellular Fluid (ICF) (correct)

What can happen if there is too much fluid movement from ICF to ECF?

Cellular hydration

Cellular dehydration (correct)

Cellular overhydration

Increase in blood volume

What is the primary goal of fluid movement between compartments?

Maintain equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds each cell to facilitate fluid movement?

Semipermeable membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of colloids?

They have a higher risk of causing allergic reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the intravascular compartment?

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a colloid?

Hypertonic solution Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting fluid balance?

Hydration level Signup and view all the answers

How do hypertonic solutions affect cells?

Cells shrink and wrinkle. Signup and view all the answers

How does fluid movement occur between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)?

By osmosis through a semipermeable membrane Signup and view all the answers

What defines the tonicity of a solution?

The ability to cause fluid shifts between compartments. Signup and view all the answers

Which group would generally have a higher percentage of body fluids?

Younger people Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about crystalloids is true?

They consist of small molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What role does a semipermeable membrane play in fluid movement?

Allows selective movement of fluids and electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of hypertonic solutions on cells?

Cause cells to shrink Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hypovolemia?

Excessive fluid accumulation between cells Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with fluid volume deficit?

Thirst Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests is NOT typically used for diagnosing fluid imbalances?

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common treatment for dehydration?

Oral hydration and diet maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What direction do solute molecules move during diffusion?

From high to low concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hydrostatic pressure in capillaries?

It pushes fluid out of the capillary Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a hypertonic solution have on cells?

Cells shrink and wrinkle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a crystalloid?

0.9% NaCl Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines colloid solutions?

They have large, non-soluble molecules evenly distributed Signup and view all the answers

Which solution is isotonic with blood plasma?

0.9% NaCl Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cells when exposed to hypotonic solutions?

Cells swell and may burst Signup and view all the answers

What type of fluid should be used to replace blood loss?

Replace with blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the composition of hypotonic solutions?

Low NaCl concentration relative to blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of isotonic solutions on blood plasma volume?

Increases without fluid shift Signup and view all the answers

What does maintaining fluid balance help sustain in the body?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a sign of being 'well-hydrated'?

1-2 L of urine/day Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT an example of fluid intake?

Sweating Signup and view all the answers

What renal output is typically expected from a 70 kg adult?

70 mL/h Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory value is used to assess hydration status?

Osmolarity Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the process of diffusion in the intravascular compartment?

Movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of osmosis in the body?

To equalize concentration between two solutions Signup and view all the answers

What role do small pores in capillaries play in the intravascular compartment?

Facilitate the exchange of fluids, gases, nutrients, and wastes Signup and view all the answers

In the context of capillary exchange, what happens due to the opposing forces at the capillary membrane?

A balance between fluid leaving and entering the capillaries is maintained Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the movement of water in osmosis?

Water moves from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in managing risk for hypovolemia?

Assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following urine colors indicates adequate hydration?

Lemonade color Signup and view all the answers