Fluid and Electrolytes: Homeostasis Quiz

<p>Muscle restlessness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase intake of potassium-rich foods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle spasms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid depletion in intracellular space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>135 mEq/L - 145 mEq/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperkalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encourage increased magnesium-rich foods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases water reabsorption in kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased extracellular fluid osmolality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase fluid intake as prescribed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss that can be measured, such as urination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain electrical charge and fluid balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilute urine production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of edema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older adults (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased fluid in the interstitial space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cannot be measured directly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased mucous membrane moisture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From a low concentration to a high concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle cramps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulation of the thirst mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of fluid in areas not normally a part of extracellular fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of molecules like water in response to concentration gradients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum creatinine level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases blood pressure and volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased fluid retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altered hydration status of cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid deficit or high ECF osmolality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased urine output and increased heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebrospinal fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion is the movement of solutes; osmosis is the specific movement of water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Substances that dissolve in water and develop an electrical charge when dissolved.

Substances that dissolve in water but don't conduct electricity.

The fluid inside the cells of your body.

The fluid outside the cells of your body. It carries nutrients and removes waste.

The fluid found between the cells. Excess fluid here leads to edema.

The plasma in your blood, responsible for transporting cells.

Specialized fluids found in specific body spaces, like cerebrospinal fluid or digestive juices.

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a lower concentration to a higher concentration of solute.

Substances that easily dissolve in water, like electrolytes.

Large molecules that don't dissolve in water, like protein.

A condition where the body retains excess fluid, leading to an increase in blood volume and pressure.

The major cation in extracellular fluid (ECF), responsible for regulating fluid volume, maintaining blood pressure, and supporting nerve impulse conduction.

A condition where sodium levels in the blood are below normal (<135 mEq/L).

A condition where sodium levels in the blood are above normal (>145 mEq/L).

The major cation inside cells (ICF), essential for nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and acid-base balance.

A condition where potassium levels in the blood are below normal (<3.5 mEq/L).

A condition where potassium levels in the blood are above normal (>5.0 mEq/L).

A cation found in both ICF and ECF, essential for bone health, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle contraction.

A condition where calcium levels in the blood are below normal (<8.2 mg/dL).

A condition where calcium levels in the blood are above normal (>10.2 mg/dL).

Movement of solutes across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to a higher concentration, requiring energy (ATP).

The intake of fluids through drinking or intravenous (IV) administration.

Fluid loss that cannot be measured, such as through the lungs and skin.

Fluid loss that can be measured, such as through urination, defecation, or wounds.

A hormone released from the pituitary gland that increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to concentrated urine.

A hormone produced by the heart in response to high blood pressure or volume, which inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to less water reabsorption and dilute urine.

A system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance through the production of renin, angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone.

The sensation of thirst, triggered by an increase in extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity (concentration of solutes).

The process of maintaining balance in the body's fluids, including fluid intake, output, and electrolyte levels.

The process of maintaining the body's internal environment, including fluid, temperature, and pH, within a stable range.

Renin is released by the kidneys when blood pressure is low. It activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), leading to vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) and increased blood pressure. The RAAS system also promotes sodium and water retention, contributing to increased blood volume.

Increased blood flow to the kidneys leads to a decrease in the release of renin, as the kidneys sense adequate blood perfusion. This reduces activation of the RAAS system, promoting vasodilation and decreasing blood pressure.

Infants rely entirely on caregivers for fluid intake, making them vulnerable to dehydration if not monitored closely. Older adults have decreased thirst sensation, making them susceptible to dehydration, especially if they are unable to access fluids independently.

Patients on NPO (nothing by mouth) status have limited to no fluid intake, making them prone to dehydration. This is often seen in pre-operative patients or during certain medical procedures.

Conditions like renal, liver, and heart failure impair the body's ability to regulate fluids, often resulting in fluid imbalances. Kidney failure leads to fluid overload, while liver and heart failure can cause fluid accumulation in the body.

Vital signs like blood pressure and heart rate, urine output, body weight, and physical assessments such as skin turgor, mucous membranes, capillary refill time, and edema all provide valuable insights into a patient's fluid volume status.

Normal hydration is reflected in stable vital signs, adequate urine output, maintained body weight, and healthy physical assessment findings like good skin turgor, moist mucous membranes, normal capillary refill, and absence of edema.

Hypovolemia is a state of fluid volume deficit, where the body loses fluids faster than it takes them in. This leads to decreased blood volume, which can be caused by excessive fluid loss through vomiting, diarrhea, or hemorrhage, or insufficient fluid intake.

Third spacing refers to the fluid shifting from the bloodstream into interstitial tissues or body cavities, like the abdominal cavity, where it becomes inaccessible for normal physiological functions. This fluid shift can contribute to hypovolemia as it leaves the circulatory system.

Fluid volume excess (hypervolemia) occurs when the body accumulates excess fluid, leading to overload and swelling. This can happen due to various factors like excessive fluid intake, poor renal function, or conditions like heart failure.