Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Nursing
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a classic sign of hypervolemia?

  • Dry mucous membranes
  • Pitting edema (correct)
  • Poor skin turgor
  • Flat neck veins

    • What physiological changes are associated with fluid volume excess?

  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Increased serum osmolality
  • Dilution of hematocrit (correct)
  • Increased sodium concentrations

    • What symptom is likely to manifest in a patient with hypovolemia?

  • Increased weight
  • Bounding pulse
  • Tachycardia (correct)
  • Pitting edema

    • In the context of liver failure, what can occur due to the inability to produce enough albumin?

    <p>Third spacing of fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms indicate overhydration?

    <p>Increased body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of isotonic fluid volume deficit?

    <p>Loss of both water and salts equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause hypertonic dehydration?

    <p>Prolonged fevers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In assessing hydration status, what does an increase in plasma osmolality indicate?

    <p>Dehydration or hypertonic dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of isotonic fluid volume deficit?

    <p>Weight loss and thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes isotonic fluid loss?

    <p>Serum osmolarity remains normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate treatment focus for someone experiencing hypovolemia?

    <p>Increasing vascular volume through extracellular fluid replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly associated with isotonic fluid volume excess?

    <p>Heart failure leading to fluid retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign that extracellular fluid is being lost in isotonic fluid volume deficit?

    <p>Decreased urine output and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of hypernatremia?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT included in the nursing management of a client with hypernatremia?

    <p>Check for gastrointestinal suctioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of hyponatremia?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum rate for IV potassium replacement to avoid complications?

    <p>10 to 20 mEq/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food is recommended to help manage hypokalemia?

    <p>Bananas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can lead to hyperkalemia?

    <p>Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parameters is NOT typically evaluated for a client with hyperkalemia?

    <p>Blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the urine output at minimum before administering KCL?

    <p>0.5 mL/kg/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total body mass do body fluids make up in adults?

    <p>55% to 65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the distribution of body fluids?

    <p>Interstitial fluid comprises 80% of extracellular fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process allows for the continuous exchange of water and solutes among body fluid compartments?

    <p>Filtration, reabsorption, diffusion, and osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body primarily gain water?

    <p>By ingestion and metabolic synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone responsible for regulating water loss in the body?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is primarily responsible for determining body fluid volume through urinary salt loss?

    <p>Amount of urinary salt loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does aldosterone have on the body regarding water retention?

    <p>Promotes urinary reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is true?

    <p>It inhibits water retention in the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes serum from plasma?

    <p>Serum is plasma without clotting factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is primarily found inside the cell?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte imbalance is associated with excessive sodium loss through vomiting or diarrhea?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may result from excessive intake of potassium?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is crucial for blood clotting?

    <p>Calcium (Ca+2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom may indicate hypernatremia?

    <p>Intense thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypomagnesemia possibly lead to?

    <p>Muscle spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anion is the most abundant in extracellular fluid?

    <p>Chloride (Cl-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by low sodium levels in the blood?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely consequence of hypocalcemia?

    <p>Numbness and tingling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may result from excessive chloride intake?

    <p>Hyperchloremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the body?

    <p>Part of the bicarbonate buffer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur due to severe renal failure related to phosphate?

    <p>Hyperphosphatemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of hypokalemia?

    <p>Muscle fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

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