Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an assessment technique used to evaluate fluency disorders?
Which of the following is an assessment technique used to evaluate fluency disorders?
What is the primary goal of Fluency Shaping treatment?
What is the primary goal of Fluency Shaping treatment?
Which of these is considered a secondary behavior associated with stuttering?
Which of these is considered a secondary behavior associated with stuttering?
What type of disfluency is typically categorized as within-word disfluencies?
What type of disfluency is typically categorized as within-word disfluencies?
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Which treatment approach involves addressing specific moments of stuttering?
Which treatment approach involves addressing specific moments of stuttering?
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What is a characteristic feature of electronic devices used in fluency treatment?
What is a characteristic feature of electronic devices used in fluency treatment?
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Which assessment scale is used to measure the severity of stuttering?
Which assessment scale is used to measure the severity of stuttering?
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What is the approach of hypnotherapy in treating fluency disorders?
What is the approach of hypnotherapy in treating fluency disorders?
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Which type of fluency disorder is characterized by a psychological disturbance diagnosis?
Which type of fluency disorder is characterized by a psychological disturbance diagnosis?
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What is a key characteristic of cluttering as a fluency disorder?
What is a key characteristic of cluttering as a fluency disorder?
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Which psychosocial behavior is NOT commonly associated with stuttering?
Which psychosocial behavior is NOT commonly associated with stuttering?
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Which theory emphasizes the balance between speech demand and a person's capacity to produce speech?
Which theory emphasizes the balance between speech demand and a person's capacity to produce speech?
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What type of secondary behavior might involve the use of facial gestures during speech?
What type of secondary behavior might involve the use of facial gestures during speech?
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Which of the following is not considered a non-developmental type of stuttering?
Which of the following is not considered a non-developmental type of stuttering?
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Which behavior might a person who stutters exhibit to avoid potential embarrassment during conversation?
Which behavior might a person who stutters exhibit to avoid potential embarrassment during conversation?
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What treatment method focuses on developing strategies to cope with fluency disorders?
What treatment method focuses on developing strategies to cope with fluency disorders?
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What age range is typically associated with the onset of stuttering?
What age range is typically associated with the onset of stuttering?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a primary stuttering behavior?
Which of the following is NOT considered a primary stuttering behavior?
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What term is used to describe observable behaviors in stuttering?
What term is used to describe observable behaviors in stuttering?
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Which fluency disorder is characterized by a blend of observable and non-observable behaviors?
Which fluency disorder is characterized by a blend of observable and non-observable behaviors?
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Which psychologist is known for his contributions to understanding stuttering?
Which psychologist is known for his contributions to understanding stuttering?
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What is the global prevalence of stuttering?
What is the global prevalence of stuttering?
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Which combination of behaviors could define a complex stuttering episode?
Which combination of behaviors could define a complex stuttering episode?
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Which of the following is an example of an inaudible sound prolongation?
Which of the following is an example of an inaudible sound prolongation?
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Study Notes
Assessment of Fluency Disorders
- Speech samples are used to assess the presence of speech disfluencies.
- Disfluency count helps quantify the frequency of disruptions in speech.
Nature of Speech Disfluencies
- Within-word disfluencies (speech language disorders) identified during assessments.
- Stuttering Severity Scales, including the Iowa Scale, are utilized for determining severity on a 9-point scale.
- Secondary behaviors, such as factors impacting individual experiences of stuttering, are noted.
Treatment Approaches
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Traditional Approaches:
- Fluency Shaping: Strategies aimed at altering the entirety of speaking behavior to enhance fluency.
- Stuttering Modification: Focuses on managing individual stuttering moments rather than overall speech patterns.
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Nontraditional Treatment Approaches:
- Hypnotherapy: Psychologically driven treatment targeting the roots of stuttering.
- Drug Therapy: Using antianxiety medications to alleviate stuttering moments.
- Electronic Devices: Auditory devices resembling hearing aids designed to create distractions that aid fluency.
Stuttering Covert Behaviors
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Secondary Behaviors:
- Bodily Movements: Includes facial grimaces, head movements, and avoiding eye contact.
- Psychosocial Behaviors: Emotional responses such as fear, frustration, embarrassment, anger, and word avoidance.
Types of Fluency Disorders
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Non-developmental Stuttering:
- Neurogenic Stuttering: Arises from neurological conditions affecting brain areas linked to speech.
- Psychogenic Stuttering: Associated with psychological disturbances.
- Cluttering: A disorder characterized by rapid speaking rate and unclear articulation.
Theories of Stuttering
- Demands and Capacities Theory (Starkweather, 1997): Suggests that stuttering occurs when demands for fluency exceed a person's capacity.
- Covert Repair Theory (Postma & Kolk, 1993): Proposes that stuttering results from internal repair attempts of utterances.
- Neuropsycholinguistic Theory (Perkins, Kent & Curlee, 1991): Emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in fluency.
Historic Aspects of Fluency Disorders
- Key historical figures include Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard, Rudolf Schulthess, and Charles Van Riper, who contributed significantly to the understanding of stuttering and treatment.
Developmental Stuttering
- Developmental stuttering occurs universally across languages and affects approximately 1 in 100 individuals.
- Typically presents between the ages of 2-5, involving both overt (observable) and covert (non-observable) behaviors.
Primary Stuttering Behaviors
- Observable disfluencies include:
- Interjections (e.g., "uh," "um")
- Repetitions of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases
- Prolongation of sounds, audible (extended sounds) or inaudible (blocks)
- Revisions, which are changes made in the midst of speech to avoid disfluencies.
Disfluency Notation Systems
- Systems are employed to accurately document and analyze various types of disfluencies for assessment and treatment purposes.
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Description
This quiz evaluates various aspects of speech fluency disorders, including the occurrence of disfluencies and their nature. Participants will analyze speech samples to count disfluencies and understand stuttering severity scales. Explore different secondary behaviors associated with speech disfluencies.
