Untitled Quiz

Overview of biological principles: Engineering biology combines biology with other disciplines to develop new technologies.
Role of Biology in next-generation technology development: Biology is used in technology development.
Understanding of cell structure and function: Biological signals (ECG, EEG) and sodium potassium channels are explored.
Introduction to biocatalysts: Biological catalysts, like enzymes, speed up reactions.

Overview of physiological support devices: Devices help support biological functions.
Design challenges and technological developments: Challenges and improvements in technology for devices are discussed.
Artificial organ development: Techniques for developing artificial organs are explored, such as the kidney, liver, pancreas, and heart valves.
Exploration of biomaterials used in artificial organ development: Biomaterials in artificial organs are examined.
Ethical considerations: Ethical concerns regarding artificial organ development are addressed.
Biomimicking in device design and development: Designing from the biological principles through biomimicking.

Biology: The scientific study of life and living organisms.
Branches of biology: Molecular biology, Genetics, Ecology, Microbiology, and Evolutionary biology.

Cells: The basic unit of life.
Types of Cells: Prokaryotic (bacteria, archaea) and Eukaryotic (plants, animals).
Genetic Information: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Genes: Segments of DNA encoding for protein production.
Chromosomes: DNA structures containing genes.

Metabolism: The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions.
Catabolism: Breaks down molecules to produce energy.
Anabolism: Uses energy to construct cellular components.
Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up reactions without being used up.
Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes (e.g., body temperature, pH).

Theory of Evolution: Species change over time through natural selection.
Ecology: The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Ecosystems: Communities of organisms interacting with their physical environment.
Biodiversity: The variety of life in an ecosystem.
Ecosystem Resilience & Services: Biodiversity helps ecosystems recover and provides essential services for humans (e.g., clean air).

Genetic Resources: Diverse gene pools help species adapt to changing environments.
Crop Diversity: Different varieties of crops (e.g., rice or wheat) offer genetic traits that improve resistance.

Taxonomy: The science of classifying organisms.
Hierarchical Classification: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
Five Kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Carbon Cycle: Describes carbon's movement through Earth's ecosystems.
Nitrogen Cycle: Describes nitrogen's conversion into different forms as it circulates between atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems.

Biotechnology: Use of living systems and organisms to make products.
Insulin Production: Genetically engineered bacteria to produce human insulin.
Genetically Modified Crops: Developing crops resistant to pests, diseases, environmental conditions (Bt cotton).
Bioplastics: Producing biodegradable plastics from renewable biomass.
Probiotics: Incorporating beneficial bacteria into food to promote gut health.
Biomedical Engineering: Application of engineering principles in the medical field to create medical devices.
Environmental Engineering: Use of biological principles for environmental problems (waste management/pollution control).

Interdisciplinary nature: The convergence of various scientific and engineering disciplines.
Key areas of contribution: Biology (fundamental principles of life), Engineering (design and development).

Biological signals: Signals are electrical or chemical changes in the body.
Measurement techniques: Signals are measured to understand physiological processes.
Non-invasive monitoring: Non-invasive methods used to monitor organs (heart, brain).

Noise and Artifacts: Signal contamination from external sources or interference.
Individual Variability: Signal inconsistencies due to variations between individuals.
Technical Limitations: Problems with signal sensitivity and resolution.
Future Directions: Advanced signal analysis, AI, and big data.
Wearable devices: Compact devices for continuous monitoring.

Multimodal integration: Combining multiple signals for more comprehensive understanding of physiological states and conditions.
Remote health monitoring: Expanding telehealth to support remote patient care.

Biocatalysis: Using natural catalysts (enzymes/whole cells).
Advantages: Environment-friendly methods, operations under mild conditions, minimized production of hazardous products.
Enzyme types: Hydrolases, Oxidoreductases, Transferases.

Advantages: Environment-friendly, high selectivity and specificity.
Challenges: Enzyme stability, cost of production, substrate range, product inhibition.

Vacuoles: Membrane-bound bodies, often for storage in plant cells.
Plastids: Intracellular bodies, storage of starch in leucoplasts, pigment production in chromoplasts.
Centrioles: Involved in cell division.
Peroxisomes: Membrane bounded bodies for cellular recycling and detoxification.
Cilia and Flagella: Used for cell movement, often made of microtubules.
Microtubules: Critical for cell structure and movement.