Flashcards de Ions Poliatomicos Comunes

Study Notes

Polyatomic Ions

Acetate: Formula C₂H₃O₂⁻, commonly found in vinegar and used in various biochemical processes.
Carbonate: Formula CO₃²⁻, essential for geological formations like limestone and involved in the carbon cycle.
Hydrogen Carbonate (Bicarbonate): Formula HCO₃⁻, acts as a buffer in biological systems, maintaining pH balance.
Hydroxide: Formula OH⁻, a strong base, widely used in industrial applications and cleaning agents.
Nitrate: Formula NO₃⁻, utilized in fertilizers and contributes to nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
Nitrite: Formula NO₂⁻, often involved in biochemical processes, can be toxic in high concentrations.
Chromate: Formula CrO₄²⁻, used in chrome plating and as a pigment but poses environmental hazards.
Dichromate: Formula Cr₂O₇²⁻, serves as an oxidizing agent in various chemical reactions but is toxic and carcinogenic.
Phosphate: Formula PO₄³⁻, vital for DNA, RNA, and ATP, playing crucial roles in energy transfer.
Hydrogen Phosphate: Formula HPO₄²⁻, important in biological systems, acts as a buffer in cellular processes.
Ammonium: Formula NH₄⁺, a key nitrogen source for plants, found in fertilizers and biological cycles.
Hypochlorite: Formula ClO⁻, commonly used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent in cleaning products.
Chlorite: Formula ClO₂⁻, used in water treatment and as a bleaching agent.
Chlorate: Formula ClO₃⁻, utilized in herbicides and as a bleaching agent.
Perchlorate: Formula ClO₄⁻, mainly used in fireworks and rocket propellants, has environmental concerns.
Permanganate: Formula MnO₄⁻, serves as an oxidizing agent in organic chemistry and wastewater treatment.
Sulfate: Formula SO₄²⁻, commonly found in nature, important in many industrial processes and biological functions.
Sulfite: Formula SO₃²⁻, used as preservatives in food and wine but can cause allergic reactions in some individuals.
Hydrogen Sulfite (Bisulfite): Formula HSO₃⁻, acts as a reducing agent and preservative.
Hydrogen Sulfate (Bisulfate): Formula HSO₄⁻, commonly used in food processing and as a cleaning agent.
Peroxide: Formula O₂²⁻, known for its bleaching and disinfecting properties, used in various industries.
Cyanide: Formula CN⁻, a highly toxic compound that inhibits cellular respiration in living organisms.