Flaccid Dysarthria Etiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What causes hypernasality?

  • Increased air in the oral cavity
  • Abundance of air in the nasal cavity when not needed (correct)
  • Soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall not functioning together
  • Weakened laryngeal muscles

    • Which condition may result in challenges controlling the soft palate and maintaining normal nasality?

  • Flaccid dysarthria (correct)
  • Hypernasality
  • LMN impairment
  • Myasthenia gravis

    • What is a common characteristic of prosody in individuals with weakened laryngeal muscles?

  • Extra air during speech
  • Monopitch and monoloudness (correct)
  • Hypernasality
  • Sustained phonation difficulties

    • Which component of speech is affected by inadequate subglottic air pressure in individuals with flaccid dysarthria?

    <p>Voice quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur if the cricothyroid muscle is weakened due to damage to the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve?

    <p>Increased pitch variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evaluation task would be most useful for assessing speech mechanisms fatigue in individuals with flaccid dysarthria?

    <p>Alternate Motion Rate (AMR) tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dysarthria is caused by damage to the lower motor neurons?

    <p>Flaccid dysarthria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause a person to have difficulty in elevating their jaw for speech articulation?

    <p>Damage to the trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Myasthenia Gravis that distinguishes it from other conditions?

    <p>Rapid fatigue of muscular contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve damage can lead to incomplete adduction of the vocal folds?

    <p>Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in a paralysis that affects lower motor neurons?

    <p>Spinal Muscular Atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic voice quality associated with adductor damage in flaccid dysarthria?

    <p>Hoarse voice quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathology can cause difficulties in maintaining strength of muscle contractions over time?

    <p>Muscular Dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom often necessitates a stress test for diagnosis?

    <p>'Sloppy' speech articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Intense' hypernasality and 'breathy' voice quality together indicate a strong possibility of which type of dysarthria?

    <p>'Flaccid' dysarthria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypernasality is caused by the lack of air in the nasal cavity when it is needed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flaccid dysarthria is associated with challenges in controlling the soft palate and maintaining normal nasality.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myasthenia gravis is not linked to flaccid dysarthria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oromotor exercises are considered valuable for treating dysarthria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypernasality can be assessed by listening for nasal airflow on any sound other than nasals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weakened laryngeal muscles can result in variations in pitch and loudness due to inadequate tension and stretching of the vocal folds.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flaccid dysarthria is caused by impairment of the UMNs of the cranial or spinal nerves.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Guillain-Barre Syndrome affects sensory neurons more than motor neurons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Poli tumors are among the etiologies of flaccid dysarthria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myasthenia Gravis primarily affects the connection between the LMN and muscle tissue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flaccid dysarthria can result in slow-labored articulation due to hypernasal resonance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve can cause breathy vocal quality in flaccid dysarthria.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flaccid dysarthria can impact articulation by affecting vowels requiring lip rounding.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Difficulty in elevating the jaw for speech articulation can be caused by damage to the trigeminal nerve.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscular Dystrophy is a form of flaccid dysarthria that results in rapid fatigue of muscular contractions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Speech characteristics of flaccid dysarthria may include precise articulation and increased loudness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the etiology with the condition that can cause flaccid dysarthria:

    <p>Brainstem stroke = Flaccid dysarthria Muscular Dystrophy = Flaccid dysarthria Myasthenia Gravis = Flaccid dysarthria Guillain-Barre Syndrome = Flaccid dysarthria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symptom with the corresponding speech characteristic in individuals with flaccid dysarthria:

    <p>Rapid fatigue of muscular contractions = Hypernasality Breathy voice quality = Phonatory incompetence Incomplete adduction of vocal folds = Breathy vocal quality Weakness in speech and/or respiratory musculature = Slow-labored articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the nerve damage with the resulting impact on articulation in flaccid dysarthria:

    <p>Damage to trigeminal nerve = Difficulty elevating the jaw for speech articulation Bilateral damage to hypoglossal nerve = Misarticulations of phonemes requiring elevation of the tongue Bilateral damage to CN VII = Impact on bilabials, labiodentals, and lip rounding vowels Damage to facial nerve = Imprecise consonants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the voice quality with the corresponding nerve damage in flaccid dysarthria:

    <p>Combined presence of hypernasality and breathy voice quality = Damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve Intense hypernasal resonance = Adductor damage to vocal folds Hoarse-breathy phonation = Abductor damage to vocal folds Breathy vocal quality = Vocal fold incomplete adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the speech characteristic with the corresponding description:

    <p>Hypernasality = Abundance of air in the nasal cavity when not needed Prosody = Results in monopitch and monoloudness Articulation = Imprecise consonants Voice Quality = Breathy vocal quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the evaluation task with its purpose for individuals with flaccid dysarthria:

    <p>Conversational speech sample = Listen for hypernasality and shortened phrase length AMR tasks = Assess slowed rate of phoneme production Prolonged phonation of a vowel = Evaluate voice quality Speech stress test = Assess fatigue of speech mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the muscle impairment with the resulting speech characteristic:

    <p>Damage to cricothyroid muscle = Inability to produce changes in pitch and loudness Weakened laryngeal muscles = Variations in pitch and loudness due to inadequate tension Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage = Breathy vocal quality Trigeminal nerve damage = Difficulty in elevating the jaw for speech articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the component affected by inadequate subglottic air pressure with the corresponding speech outcome:

    <p>Respiration = Results in reduced loudness and shortened phrase length Prosody = Results in monopitch and monoloudness Articulation = Imprecise consonants Voice Quality = Breathy vocal quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Flaccid Dysarthria

    • Caused by impairment of the lower motor neurons (LMNs) of the cranial or spinal nerves
    • Characterized by weakness in the speech and/or respiratory musculature
    • Can result in slow-labored articulation, hypernasal resonance, hoarse-breathy phonation, and reduced loudness

    Etiologies of Flaccid Dysarthria

    • Physical trauma: diffuse trauma to LMN
    • Brainstem stroke
    • Myasthenia Gravis
    • Guillain-Barre Syndrome: LMN disorder, progressive inflammatory loss of the myelin sheath around axons
    • Acquired virus
    • Poli
    • Tumors
    • Muscular Dystrophy
    • Progressive Bulbar Palsy

    Characteristics of Flaccid Dysarthria

    • Weakness in the speech and/or respiratory musculature
    • Slow-labored articulation
    • Hypernasal resonance
    • Hoarse-breathy phonation
    • Incomplete adduction (closure) of the vocal folds
    • Breaty vocal quality
    • Reduced loudness
    • Shortened phrase length
    • Strained/breathy voice quality
    • Reduced time for sustained phonation
    • Monopitch and monoloudness

    Key Evaluation Tasks

    • Conversational speech sample
    • Low vocal volume
    • Slow rate of speech
    • Hypernasality
    • Imprecise consonants
    • Shortened phrase length
    • Prosody
    • Alternate Motion Rate (AMR) tasks
    • Prolonged phonation of a vowel
    • Speech stress test (count to 100)

    Treatment Preview

    • Do not use oromotor exercises
    • No definitive research supporting their benefits
    • No functional value - only brings awareness to structures

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the etiology of flaccid dysarthria, which is caused by impairment of the Lower Motor Neurons (LMNs) of the cranial or spinal nerves. Explore various causes like physical trauma, brainstem stroke, Myasthenia Gravis, and more.

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