Podcast
Questions and Answers
What distinguishes flaccid dysarthria from other types of dysarthria?
What distinguishes flaccid dysarthria from other types of dysarthria?
Which clinical characteristic is NOT associated with flaccid paralysis?
Which clinical characteristic is NOT associated with flaccid paralysis?
Which of the following statements about fasciculations is accurate?
Which of the following statements about fasciculations is accurate?
What is the primary cause of weakness in flaccid dysarthria?
What is the primary cause of weakness in flaccid dysarthria?
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Which of the following best describes hypotonia in the context of flaccid paralysis?
Which of the following best describes hypotonia in the context of flaccid paralysis?
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Which condition is most commonly associated with cranial nerve paralysis following surgical procedures?
Which condition is most commonly associated with cranial nerve paralysis following surgical procedures?
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What is a characteristic feature of myotonic muscular dystrophy?
What is a characteristic feature of myotonic muscular dystrophy?
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Which syndrome results from the occlusion of the intracranial vertebral artery and can affect speech cranial nerve nuclei?
Which syndrome results from the occlusion of the intracranial vertebral artery and can affect speech cranial nerve nuclei?
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What is the most common genetic skeletal muscle disease associated with muscle fiber degeneration?
What is the most common genetic skeletal muscle disease associated with muscle fiber degeneration?
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Which type of neurofibromatosis is most commonly associated with bilateral acoustic neuromas?
Which type of neurofibromatosis is most commonly associated with bilateral acoustic neuromas?
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Myasthenia Gravis is characterized by which of the following?
Myasthenia Gravis is characterized by which of the following?
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Flaccid dysarthria can result from which condition?
Flaccid dysarthria can result from which condition?
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Which muscular dystrophy primarily affects boys due to its X-linked inheritance pattern?
Which muscular dystrophy primarily affects boys due to its X-linked inheritance pattern?
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What is a common presenting sign of myasthenia gravis (MG)?
What is a common presenting sign of myasthenia gravis (MG)?
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Which test is frequently used to diagnose myasthenia gravis?
Which test is frequently used to diagnose myasthenia gravis?
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What is the consequence of polio infection on the nervous system?
What is the consequence of polio infection on the nervous system?
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Which cranial nerves are most commonly affected in bulbar involvement due to polio?
Which cranial nerves are most commonly affected in bulbar involvement due to polio?
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Which condition is characterized by acute, inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerves?
Which condition is characterized by acute, inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerves?
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What is a characteristic of Chiari malformations?
What is a characteristic of Chiari malformations?
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What type of disease is sarcoidosis?
What type of disease is sarcoidosis?
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Which cranial nerve is least likely to be affected in isolated cases of flaccid dysarthria?
Which cranial nerve is least likely to be affected in isolated cases of flaccid dysarthria?
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Which cranial nerve is most often involved in cases of unilateral or bilateral weakness?
Which cranial nerve is most often involved in cases of unilateral or bilateral weakness?
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What does phonatory incompetence primarily reflect?
What does phonatory incompetence primarily reflect?
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Which of the following is least likely to cause flaccid dysarthria?
Which of the following is least likely to cause flaccid dysarthria?
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What is the characteristic feature of resonatory incompetence?
What is the characteristic feature of resonatory incompetence?
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Which cluster is responsible for reflecting hypotonia in laryngeal muscles?
Which cluster is responsible for reflecting hypotonia in laryngeal muscles?
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Which cranial nerve lesions lead to weakness of jaw muscles?
Which cranial nerve lesions lead to weakness of jaw muscles?
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What condition is associated with both movement and speech difficulties due to lesions in cranial nerves?
What condition is associated with both movement and speech difficulties due to lesions in cranial nerves?
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Which speech characteristics are typical of flaccid dysarthrias?
Which speech characteristics are typical of flaccid dysarthrias?
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What is a possible effect of significant bilateral weakness on oral functions?
What is a possible effect of significant bilateral weakness on oral functions?
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Which of the following is NOT a common feature of unilateral hypoglossal nerve lesions?
Which of the following is NOT a common feature of unilateral hypoglossal nerve lesions?
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What could a patient with bilateral hypoglossal nerve lesions experience regarding speech?
What could a patient with bilateral hypoglossal nerve lesions experience regarding speech?
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Which of the following conditions can lead to isolated hypoglossal nerve lesions?
Which of the following conditions can lead to isolated hypoglossal nerve lesions?
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What is a likely outcome for bilateral hypoglossal nerve lesions regarding tongue movement?
What is a likely outcome for bilateral hypoglossal nerve lesions regarding tongue movement?
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How might the presence of spinal nerve lesions affect speech?
How might the presence of spinal nerve lesions affect speech?
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What might a person with a hypoglossal nerve lesion describe their tongue as feeling like?
What might a person with a hypoglossal nerve lesion describe their tongue as feeling like?
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What type of movements are primarily affected by hypoglossal nerve lesions?
What type of movements are primarily affected by hypoglossal nerve lesions?
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What effects can bilateral jaw weakness have on speech?
What effects can bilateral jaw weakness have on speech?
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Which nerve lesion is primarily associated with hypernasality and nasal emission?
Which nerve lesion is primarily associated with hypernasality and nasal emission?
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What is a common symptom of flaccid dysarthria resulting from hypoglossal nerve lesions?
What is a common symptom of flaccid dysarthria resulting from hypoglossal nerve lesions?
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Which type of nerve lesions can lead to a reduced phrase length during speech?
Which type of nerve lesions can lead to a reduced phrase length during speech?
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What can lesions of the facial nerve lead to in terms of speech?
What can lesions of the facial nerve lead to in terms of speech?
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In flaccid dysarthrias, participation of which of the following is crucial for a complete description of the speech disorder?
In flaccid dysarthrias, participation of which of the following is crucial for a complete description of the speech disorder?
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What may be an initial presentation of neurological disease related to dysarthria?
What may be an initial presentation of neurological disease related to dysarthria?
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Study Notes
Flaccid Dysarthria
- Caused by damage to one or more cranial or spinal nerves
- Reflects problems in the nuclei, axons, or neuromuscular junctions of motor units in the speech control pathway (FCP)
- Characterized by reduced muscle tone, weakness, and impaired movement speed, range, and accuracy.
- Accounts for 10.1% of all dysarthrias, and 9.6% of all motor speech disorders (MSDs)
- Lesion can affect a single muscle group (e.g., tongue) or a whole subsystem (e.g., phonation)
- Lesions occur between the brainstem (BS) or spinal cord (SC) and speech muscles, resulting in weakness and reduced tone, problems with neuromuscular control rather than planning.
Clinical Characteristics of Flaccid Paralysis
- All reflexive, automatic, and voluntary movements are affected.
- Key characteristics include weakness, hypotonia, and diminished reflexes, often accompanied by atrophy and fasciculations.
- Weakness can worsen with use and improve with rest.
- Hypotonia is characterized by muscle floppiness and reduced resistance to passive movement, stemming from damage to any part of the motor unit.
- Reduced reflexes are due to damage in the stretch reflex.
- Atrophy: reduced muscle bulk due to disuse.
- Fasciculations: visible, irregular muscle twitches in resting muscles, resulting from nerve degeneration or irritation.
- Fibrillations: invisible, repetitive contractions of individual muscle fibers, indicating slow repetitive action potentials.
Etiologies of Flaccid Dysarthria
- Any process that damages the motor unit can cause flaccid dysarthria.
- This includes congenital, demyelinating, infectious, inflammatory, degenerative, metabolic, neoplastic, traumatic, and vascular causes.
- Common causes include neuropathy, neuritis, peripheral neuropathy, cranial neuropathies, mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy, radiculopathy, and plexopathy.
- Myelopathy and myopathy are also potential etiologies as well as myositis.
Associated Conditions
- Degenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and spinal muscle atrophies (SMAs)
- Neuromuscular junction disorders, such as myasthenia gravis (MG).
- Infections, such as poliomyelitis (polio).
- Trauma, such as surgery, fractures, and injuries.
- Vascular disorders such as strokes.
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Description
Explore the characteristics and causes of flaccid dysarthria and its associated paralysis. This quiz covers essential aspects of neuromuscular control affecting speech production, including weakened muscle tone and reflex responses. Test your understanding of these critical clinical features.
