Fitness Assessment Chapter 6

Questions and Answers

What is objective information?

Measurable data about a client's physical state such as body composition, movement, and cardiovascular ability.

What are beta-blockers?

Medications that decrease heart rate and blood pressure.

What insight does knowing a client's occupation provide?

Movement capacity and potential repetitive movements.

What is considered relevant information regarding a client's occupation and movement capacity?

Extended periods of sitting, repetitive movements, dress shoes, mental stress. Signup and view all the answers

What are some lifestyle questions the fitness professional should ask when conducting a fitness assessment?

Recreation and hobbies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the physical activity readiness questionnaire?

To help qualify a person to participate in exercise and determine if referral to a physician is needed. Signup and view all the answers

What is a comprehensive fitness assessment?

A series of measurements that help determine the current health and fitness level of a client. Signup and view all the answers

What is subjective information?

Information that is gathered from a client including health history and medical background. Signup and view all the answers

What can be caused by injuries or past surgery if not properly rehabilitated?

Pain, inflammation, and increased risk of re-injury. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Americans do not engage in at least 30 minutes of low-to-moderate activity every day?

75% Signup and view all the answers

Heart disease, hypertension, pulmonary disease, type I and II diabetes, and arthritis are all common examples of what?

Chronic conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What does contraindicated mean?

Something specifically detrimental to an individual due to a special need or chronic condition. Signup and view all the answers

What position is contraindicated for individuals with high blood pressure?

Supine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedure for taking a client's radial pulse?

Touch should be gentle, take when the client is calm, two fingers along the right side of the arm just above the thumb, take for 60 seconds, average over three days while taking the pulse at the same time each day. Signup and view all the answers

What is the carotid pulse?

Pulse taken on the neck to the side of the larynx. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 types of objective assessments that can be performed with clients as part of a comprehensive fitness assessment?

Physiological, postural, performance, body composition, cardiorespiratory. Signup and view all the answers

What determines a client's baseline levels for progress comparison?

Objective assessments. Signup and view all the answers

What provides information about a client's overall health, such as resting heart rate and blood pressure?

Physiological assessments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average resting heart rate for a male?

70 bpm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average resting heart rate for a female?

75 bpm. Signup and view all the answers

What is blood pressure?

The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels after blood is ejected from the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is systolic blood pressure?

The pressure within the arterial system after the heart contracts. Signup and view all the answers

What is diastolic blood pressure?

The pressure within the arterial system when the heart is resting and filling with blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is an acceptable systolic blood pressure?

Less than 120 mm Hg. Signup and view all the answers

What is an acceptable diastolic blood pressure?

Less than 80 mm Hg. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a client's ankle complex will be in a plantar flexed position for extended periods of time based on occupation?

Wearing dress shoes. Signup and view all the answers

What are some methods for measuring body fat?

Underwater weighing, bioelectrical impedance, and skin-fold calipers. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the very high BMI score begin for non-athletes?

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What is bioelectrical impedance?

The method of measuring body fat percentages that conducts an electrical current through the body to measure fat. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four skin fold sites tested when using the Durnin-Womersly formula for body fat assessment?

Biceps, triceps, subscapular, iliac crest. Signup and view all the answers

What is the at-risk waist-to-hip ratio for females?

0.8. Signup and view all the answers

What is the at-risk waist-to-hip ratio for males?

0.95. Signup and view all the answers

Risk for disease increases when a non-athlete's BMI exceeds what?

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What is the equation used to assess a client's body mass index (BMI)?

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Signup and view all the answers

For which clients is the use of skin calipers not recommended?

Very overweight clients. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the hip measurement taken when conducting circumference measurements?

Widest portion of the buttocks. Signup and view all the answers

Why should the fitness professional obtain client circumference measurements in the initial assessment?

Provides feedback about client progress; can be used to calculate waist-to-hip ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important factor to consider when taking circumference measurements?

Consistency. Signup and view all the answers

Why is BMI a poor indicator of body fat versus lean body mass?

Only takes weight and height into account. Signup and view all the answers

What is body composition?

The relative percentage of body weight that is fat vs. fat-free tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Objective and Subjective Information

Objective information includes measurable data like body composition, movement, and cardiovascular ability.
Subjective information encompasses a client's health history and medical background.

Medical Considerations

Beta-blockers are medications that lower heart rate and blood pressure.
Injuries or past surgeries that lack proper rehabilitation can cause pain, inflammation, and increased re-injury risk.
Common chronic conditions include heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis.

Client Assessment Insights

Knowledge of a client's occupation helps assess movement capacity and repetitive movements.
Relevant occupational details: extended sitting, repetitive tasks, use of dress shoes, and mental stress levels.
Lifestyle questions about recreation and hobbies assist in gathering comprehensive fitness insights.

Fitness Assessments

A physical activity readiness questionnaire determines exercise readiness and need for physician referral.
A comprehensive fitness assessment involves various measurements to evaluate a client’s health and fitness level.
Objective assessments include physiological, postural, performance, body composition, and cardiorespiratory evaluations.

Cardiovascular Metrics

Average resting heart rate: 70 bpm for males, 75 bpm for females.
Physiological assessments provide data on resting heart rate and blood pressure.
Acceptable systolic pressure: less than 120 mm Hg; acceptable diastolic pressure: less than 80 mm Hg.

Body Composition Metrics

Methods for measuring body fat include underwater weighing, bioelectrical impedance, and skin-fold calipers.
Very high BMI for non-athletes begins at 35, while risk for disease increases with a BMI over 25.
Waist-to-hip ratios indicate risk: at-risk ratio for females is 0.8 and for males is 0.95.

Circumference Measurements

Circumference measurement at the hip is taken at the widest portion of the buttocks.
Consistency is the most crucial factor when taking circumference measurements.
Initial circumference measurements provide feedback on client progress and assist in calculating waist-to-hip ratios.

Limitations of BMI

BMI is a poor measure of body fat as it solely considers weight and height, lacking insight into body composition.
Not recommended to use skin calipers for very overweight clients due to inaccuracy.

Body Composition Defined

Body composition refers to the relative percentage of body weight that is fat compared to fat-free tissue.

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Test your knowledge on fitness assessment with these flashcards from Chapter 6. Each card presents key terms and definitions that are crucial for understanding the physical state of clients and their performance metrics. Perfect for anyone preparing for fitness certifications or enhancing their assessment skills.