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Questions and Answers
What is the outcome of understanding and applying first aid measures in different medical situations?
What is the outcome of understanding and applying first aid measures in different medical situations?
According to the learning outcomes, what is the significance of medical and allied management?
According to the learning outcomes, what is the significance of medical and allied management?
What is a key aspect of treating eye injuries?
What is a key aspect of treating eye injuries?
What should be avoided when treating eye injuries?
What should be avoided when treating eye injuries?
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What should be done when assessing eye injuries?
What should be done when assessing eye injuries?
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What is a key principle in treating eye injuries?
What is a key principle in treating eye injuries?
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What is an important aspect of basic first aid care for eye injuries?
What is an important aspect of basic first aid care for eye injuries?
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What is a common location where serious eye injuries occur?
What is a common location where serious eye injuries occur?
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What is a common symptom of a broken nose?
What is a common symptom of a broken nose?
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What is the purpose of applying an icepack to a broken nose?
What is the purpose of applying an icepack to a broken nose?
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What is the risk of multiple nose injuries during childhood?
What is the risk of multiple nose injuries during childhood?
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What is a potential complication of a broken nose?
What is a potential complication of a broken nose?
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What is the first step in treating a broken nose?
What is the first step in treating a broken nose?
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What is the purpose of pinching the nose with the index finger and thumb?
What is the purpose of pinching the nose with the index finger and thumb?
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What is a potential long-term problem of a broken nose?
What is a potential long-term problem of a broken nose?
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What is a severe complication of a broken nose?
What is a severe complication of a broken nose?
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What is the recommended method to remove a foreign body from the white of the eye?
What is the recommended method to remove a foreign body from the white of the eye?
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What should be avoided when treating an eye injury?
What should be avoided when treating an eye injury?
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What may happen if a foreign body is not removed from the eye?
What may happen if a foreign body is not removed from the eye?
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What should be done to an accident victim who is in deep shock or a coma?
What should be done to an accident victim who is in deep shock or a coma?
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What is a sign of damage inside the eye?
What is a sign of damage inside the eye?
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How can a foreign body on the lining membrane of the upper lid be dislodged?
How can a foreign body on the lining membrane of the upper lid be dislodged?
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What should be used to cover the eye in case of a serious injury?
What should be used to cover the eye in case of a serious injury?
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What should be done if the foreign body remains in the eye after flushing with clean water?
What should be done if the foreign body remains in the eye after flushing with clean water?
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What is the most common type of eye accident that requires first aid?
What is the most common type of eye accident that requires first aid?
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What is the medical term for a severe allergic reaction to insect bites and stings?
What is the medical term for a severe allergic reaction to insect bites and stings?
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What should you do if a foreign object is in the victim's eye?
What should you do if a foreign object is in the victim's eye?
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What is a common symptom of anaphylaxis?
What is a common symptom of anaphylaxis?
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What is the first step in first aid for anaphylaxis?
What is the first step in first aid for anaphylaxis?
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Why should you not rub the affected eye?
Why should you not rub the affected eye?
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What should you do before examining the victim's eye for a foreign body?
What should you do before examining the victim's eye for a foreign body?
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How should the epinephrine pen be held when administering the injection?
How should the epinephrine pen be held when administering the injection?
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What should you do if the foreign object is embedded in the eye?
What should you do if the foreign object is embedded in the eye?
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Why are children at higher risk for death or serious complications due to snake bites?
Why are children at higher risk for death or serious complications due to snake bites?
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What is a recommended method to remove a foreign body from the eye?
What is a recommended method to remove a foreign body from the eye?
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What is the most important reason to get to hospital quickly after a snake bite?
What is the most important reason to get to hospital quickly after a snake bite?
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Why do most deaths occur due to snake bites?
Why do most deaths occur due to snake bites?
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Why is it important to be gentle when dealing with a foreign object in the eye?
Why is it important to be gentle when dealing with a foreign object in the eye?
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What should you do with the patient after administering the epinephrine pen?
What should you do with the patient after administering the epinephrine pen?
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What should you not use to remove a foreign body from the eye?
What should you not use to remove a foreign body from the eye?
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Study Notes
Eye Injuries
- A good general rule in treating eye injuries is to get professional care quickly.
- Eye injuries can involve underlying bone and soft tissues, and can lead to permanent damage.
- All eye injuries should receive immediate medical attention.
- Almost half of all serious eye injuries occur at home.
- Assessment for eye injuries involves:
- Checking eye sockets, lids, and eyeballs for bruising, swelling, laceration, or pain.
- Checking for redness, pus, and foreign objects.
- Checking pupils for size, shape, evenness, and reaction to light.
- Checking eye movements in all directions; looking for abnormal or paralyzed gaze, or pain with movement.
Basic First Aid Care for Eye Injuries
- Never put direct pressure on the eyeball.
- Don't irrigate except for chemical burns or foreign objects.
- Don't put ointments or medicine in the eye.
- Don't remove blood or blood clots.
- Don't try to force the eyelid open except to irrigate.
- Have the victim lie down and stay still.
- Limit use of the uninjured eye.
- Give the victim nothing by mouth.
- Get a physician's evaluation.
Foreign Objects in the Eye
- If not removed, can cause significant damage.
- Pain is often severe.
- Light may cause further irritation.
- Never let a victim rub the affected eye.
- Ask the victim to blink or cry to help remove objects.
- Attempt to remove only objects that are not on or in the cornea.
- Call 123.
Do's and Don'ts for Foreign Objects in the Eye
- Never rub the eye.
- Never examine an eye for a foreign body until you have washed your hands thoroughly.
- Never be rough; this may aggravate the injury to the eyeball.
- Never remove a foreign body with a toothpick, match, knife blade, magnet, or any other instrument.
- Always send the patient to a physician if the foreign body is embedded in the eye.
Removing Foreign Objects from the Eye
- Blink a few times and let the eye move the particle out.
- Pull down the lower eyelid and see if the body lies on the surface of the lid's lining membrane.
- Grasp the lashes of the upper lid gently between the thumb and forefinger, have the patient look downward and pull the upper eyelid upward.
- Grasp the lashes of the upper lid gently between the thumb and forefinger, have the patient look upward and pull the upper eyelid forward and downward over the lower eyelid.
- Flush the eye out with clean water using a small bulb syringe or an eyedropper or eye bath.
Blows to the Eye
- Immediately apply an ice compress to the eye to reduce pain and swelling.
- A black eye or blurred vision can be a sign of damage inside the eye.
- Check for eyeball injury.
- If the eyeball is injured, seek medical help immediately.
Broken Nose
- Signs and symptoms include:
- Moderate to severe pain.
- Swelling of the nose and surrounding region.
- Bleeding from the nose.
- Noticeable bruising around the nose or eyes.
- Breathing difficulties.
- Broken cartilage of the nose.
- Excessive mucus secretion from within the nasal cavity.
- Complications of a broken nose include:
- A change in the size or shape of the nose, or a crooked or bent nose.
- Multiple nose injuries, especially during childhood, increase the risk of damage to the tissues and structures in the nose.
- Trouble breathing or nasal stuffiness.
- An infection of the nose, sinuses, or bones in the face.
- An abnormality in the tissue that separates the nostrils.
- A hole in the septum.
- Severe infection, such as meningitis or a brain abscess.
Treatment for Broken Nose
- Reassure the casualty; let him breathe through the mouth.
- Let him sit upright and lean forward.
- Ask him to pinch his nose with the index finger and thumb.
- Tell him not to release pressure to check if bleeding has stopped.
- Apply an icepack for 10-15 minutes; this may be continued for a few days thereafter.
- Tell him to avoid bending down and keep the head elevated, while resting.
- Administer a painkiller for controlling pain.
- Use a nasal decongestant in case of a minor breathing difficulty due to nose block.
Severe Allergic Reaction (Anaphylaxis)
- Some people have a severe allergic reaction to insect bites and stings.
- Severe reactions can affect the whole body and may occur very quickly, often within minutes.
- Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include:
- Swelling on the face, lips, and throat.
- Difficulty in breathing, swallowing.
- Hives.
- Faintness, dizziness.
- Confusion.
- Rapid heartbeat.
- Nausea, cramps, and vomiting.
- Shock!
- First aid for anaphylaxis:
- Call 123 or arrange for transport to hospital immediately!
- Administer the epinephrine pen.
- Loosen tight clothing and cover the patient with a blanket.
- Turn the patient on his side to prevent choking if there is vomiting.
- Be prepared to perform CPR or use an automated external defibrillator (AED).
Snake Bites
- Snake bites can be deadly if not treated quickly.
- Children are at higher risk for death or serious complications due to snake bites.
- The right anti-venom can save a person's life - getting to hospital as quickly as possible is very important!
- Most deaths occur because the bitten person has an allergic reaction, is in poor health, or because too much time passes before he or she receives medical care.
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Description
This lecture covers the application of first aid measures in different medical situations and outlines first-aid measures for various conditions and intoxications. Students will learn to utilize medical and pharmaceutical knowledge to design reasonable first aid procedures.
