Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for recognizing the mechanism of injury and early signs of shock?
What is the primary reason for recognizing the mechanism of injury and early signs of shock?
When should you elevate an extremity to control bleeding?
When should you elevate an extremity to control bleeding?
What is the recommended duration of applying direct pressure on a wound?
What is the recommended duration of applying direct pressure on a wound?
What is the purpose of applying a pressure bandage?
What is the purpose of applying a pressure bandage?
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When should you use finger tip pressure to control bleeding?
When should you use finger tip pressure to control bleeding?
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What is the most critical aspect of controlling arterial bleeding?
What is the most critical aspect of controlling arterial bleeding?
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What should you do if bleeding does not stop after applying direct pressure and additional dressing?
What should you do if bleeding does not stop after applying direct pressure and additional dressing?
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What is the primary reason for wearing gloves when dealing with bleeding?
What is the primary reason for wearing gloves when dealing with bleeding?
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What type of bleeding is characterized by a steady stream of dark, oxygen-poor blood?
What type of bleeding is characterized by a steady stream of dark, oxygen-poor blood?
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What is the primary consequence of uncontrolled bleeding?
What is the primary consequence of uncontrolled bleeding?
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What is the name of the dressing that can be used to control bleeding?
What is the name of the dressing that can be used to control bleeding?
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What is the normal response of the body to bleeding?
What is the normal response of the body to bleeding?
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What type of bleeding is difficult to control due to the high pressure of the arteries?
What type of bleeding is difficult to control due to the high pressure of the arteries?
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What is the purpose of applying a tourniquet?
What is the purpose of applying a tourniquet?
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What is the primary objective when treating shock?
What is the primary objective when treating shock?
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What is the recommended initial response to a nosebleed?
What is the recommended initial response to a nosebleed?
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Why is it essential to avoid eating or drinking when experiencing shock?
Why is it essential to avoid eating or drinking when experiencing shock?
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What should be done to the nostrils to control nosebleed?
What should be done to the nostrils to control nosebleed?
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Why is it crucial to maintain an upright position when experiencing a nosebleed?
Why is it crucial to maintain an upright position when experiencing a nosebleed?
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What should be avoided after experiencing a nosebleed?
What should be avoided after experiencing a nosebleed?
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What step can be taken to help prevent re-bleeding after a nosebleed?
What step can be taken to help prevent re-bleeding after a nosebleed?
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When should medical attention be sought for a nosebleed?
When should medical attention be sought for a nosebleed?
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What is the primary cause of shock in a severely injured victim?
What is the primary cause of shock in a severely injured victim?
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Which of the following signs is NOT indicative of shock?
Which of the following signs is NOT indicative of shock?
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What is the first step in treating a victim of shock?
What is the first step in treating a victim of shock?
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What is a common symptom of shock that can be mistaken for anxiety?
What is a common symptom of shock that can be mistaken for anxiety?
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What should you do if the victim of shock starts vomiting?
What should you do if the victim of shock starts vomiting?
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What is the primary goal of first aid treatment for shock?
What is the primary goal of first aid treatment for shock?
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What should you NOT give to a victim of shock?
What should you NOT give to a victim of shock?
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What is the recommended position for a victim of shock who is unresponsive?
What is the recommended position for a victim of shock who is unresponsive?
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Study Notes
Bleeding
- Bleeding, also known as hemorrhage, is the loss of blood from the body, which can occur internally or externally
- Blood loss can occur in almost any area of the body
- Internal bleeding occurs when blood leaks out through a damaged blood vessel or organ
- External bleeding happens when blood exits through a break in the skin
Stopping the Bleed
- Stop the flow of blood
- Wear gloves
- Cover the wound
- Apply pressure
- If a body part has been amputated, put it on ice
Types of Bleeding
- Arterial bleeding:
- Blood spurts from the wound
- Bright, red, oxygen-rich blood
- Most difficult to control due to high pressure
- Venous bleeding:
- Blood flows as a steady stream
- Dark, oxygen-poor blood
- Easier to control
- Capillary bleeding:
- Blood oozes from a capillary and is dark red in color
- Often clots spontaneously
Evaluating a Casualty
- Consider placing a pressure bandage or hemostatic dressing on the wound site or using a tourniquet
- Be aware of the risk of infectious disease from contact with blood or body fluids (HBV and HIV)
Bleeding Control
- Direct Pressure:
- Apply steady, firm pressure
- Use a clean cloth or bandage
- Avoid contact
- Elevate the extremity if no fractures (lie down)
- Apply additional dressings and pressure if bleeding continues
- If bleeding does not stop, apply pressure points and additional dressings
Internal Bleeding
- Signs:
- Discolored, tender, swollen, or hard tissue
- Increased respiratory and pulse rates
- Pale, cool skin
- Nausea and vomiting
- Thirst
- Changes in level of responsiveness
- Can be from severely injured extremities with significant blood loss
Shock
- Causes:
- Fluid loss (bleeding, burns, diarrhea, or vomiting)
- Cardiac problems (heart attack, electrocution)
- Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction)
- Signs and symptoms:
- Pale, cold, clammy skin
- Weak, dizzy, lightheaded
- Nausea or vomiting
- Thirsty
- Yawning
- Anxiety or irrational behavior
- Rapid, weak pulse
- Rapid, shallow breathing
- Dropping level of consciousness
First Aid for Shock
- Symptoms:
- Anxiety, confusion, agitation, restlessness, dizziness, cool, clammy, sweating, pale, rapid and shallow breathing, thirst, nausea, vomiting, not responsive
- Check for normal breathing and severe bleeding, treat for these
- Call 112/153
- Put victim on back, raise legs
- Loosen tight clothing
- Turn victim's head if vomiting occurs
- Keep victim warm with coat or blanket
- Give no food or drink, alcohol or tobacco
- Offer reassurance and comfort
- If unresponsive, put in recovery position
Nosebleed Care
- Sit upright and lean forward to reduce blood pressure in the veins of the nose
- Gently blow your nose to clear blood clots
- Spray both sides of your nose with a nasal decongestant containing oxymetazoline (Afrin)
- Pinch your nose using your thumb and index finger to pinch your nostrils shut
- Breathe through your mouth
- Continue pinching for 10 to 15 minutes
- Avoid peeking at your nose
- If bleeding continues, repeat holding pressure for another 10 to 15 minutes
- Seek emergency care if bleeding continues
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Description
Learn about bleeding, also known as hemorrhage, and its types, including internal and external bleeding. Understand the causes and effects of blood loss.
