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Questions and Answers
What is a common sign of an asthma attack?
What is a common sign of an asthma attack?
Which of the following is NOT a trigger for asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a trigger for asthma?
How many puffs should be administered according to the 4 x 4 x 4 treatment for asthma?
How many puffs should be administered according to the 4 x 4 x 4 treatment for asthma?
Which of the following indicates a severe asthma attack?
Which of the following indicates a severe asthma attack?
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What role do preventer medications play in asthma management?
What role do preventer medications play in asthma management?
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What is the first step in the 4 x 4 x 4 asthma treatment method?
What is the first step in the 4 x 4 x 4 asthma treatment method?
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What type of reactions will cause only skin symptoms such as rash or hives?
What type of reactions will cause only skin symptoms such as rash or hives?
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with anaphylaxis?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with anaphylaxis?
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What causes anaphylactic shock related to the immune response?
What causes anaphylactic shock related to the immune response?
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What is a common trigger for anaphylactic reactions in individuals?
What is a common trigger for anaphylactic reactions in individuals?
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Which of the following symptoms indicates hypotension in shock?
Which of the following symptoms indicates hypotension in shock?
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What is the recommended action if someone has a known allergy and experiences anaphylaxis?
What is the recommended action if someone has a known allergy and experiences anaphylaxis?
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Which of the following best defines shock in medical terms?
Which of the following best defines shock in medical terms?
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Which group is most at risk for anaphylaxis due to food brought by others?
Which group is most at risk for anaphylaxis due to food brought by others?
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Study Notes
First Aid 1: Management and Prevention of High Acuity Presentations
- SGSCC JNCOS Course
- Focuses on asthma and anaphylaxis
Learning Objectives
- Understand the management and prevention of asthma
- Understand the management and prevention of anaphylaxis
Asthma
-
How Asthma Affects the Airways:
- Asthma causes the smooth muscles surrounding the airways to tighten.
- The airways become inflamed and swollen.
- Excess mucus is produced.
-
Signs and Symptoms (General):
- Difficulty breathing
- Difficulty speaking (full sentences)
- Coughing
- Wheezing
- Chest tightness
- Anxiety
-
Signs and Symptoms (Severe):
- Confusion
- Drowsiness
- Cyanosis
- Difficulty speaking (single words)
-
Common Triggers:
- Exercise
- Respiratory infections
- Air particles (pollen, smoke, dust)
- Sudden weather changes (thunderstorms, cold air)
- Anxiety or emotional stress
- Prevention: Identify and address potential triggers.
- Treatment: Take prescribed "preventer" medications regularly.
- Asthma Treatment: 4 x 4 x 4 technique (4 puffs of reliever inhaler, 4 breaths with each puff, and wait for 4 min between doses)
Anaphylaxis
-
Definition:
- Hypersensitivity reaction - an abnormal, disproportionate immune response to allergens.
- Life-threatening systemic response involving multiple body systems.
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Signs and Symptoms (RASH):
- Respiratory distress (cough, wheeze, stridor, difficulty breathing)
- Abdominal symptoms (nausea, vomiting)
- Skin/mucosal symptoms (hives, welts, itching, facial swelling)
- Hypotension/shock (see next slide for details)
- Can be easily confused with severe asthma
- Examples: Pictures displayed of anaphylaxis symptoms
- Causes: Allergic immune reaction to allergens such as: Food (peanuts, tree nuts, eggs, dairy, fish, shellfish, soy) Insect stings (bees, wasps, ants) Latex Medications
- Prevention: Avoid known triggers
-
Treatment:
- Call for help (CASEVAC/000)
- Lie the person flat.
- Do NOT let them stand or walk.
- Give adrenaline autoinjector (EpiPen).
- Intramuscular injection to the outer mid-thigh.
- If no response after 5 minutes, administer additional injection
-
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) Auto-Injector:
- Contains 500mcg (Anapen), 300mcg (EpiPen), or 150mcg (EpiPen Junior).
- Specific instructions on using Anapen and EpiPen are provided.
- Prevention: Special Dietary Requirements (SDR) for anaphylaxis cadets will be handled by their unit.
Shock
- Definition: Life-threatening, insufficient systemic oxygen delivery to cells, resulting in organ dysfunction.
- Causes: Lack of blood perfusion to body tissues (cardiogenic, hypovolemic, obstructive, distributive)
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Anaphylactic Shock:
- Immune response causes increased fluid leakage from blood vessels.
- Reduced blood volume leads to lower blood pressure, and poor perfusion of tissues.
- Immune response causes blood vessels to dilate, decreasing blood pressure
-
Signs and Symptoms:
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Pale, cool, clammy, ashen skin.
- Delayed capillary refill time
- Fast breathing (>20 breaths per minute)
- Fast pulse (>100 beats per minute)
- Altered/confused mental state
- Low or absent urine output
- Other symptoms (nausea, vomiting, dizziness etc)
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Description
This quiz focuses on the management and prevention of high acuity presentations related to asthma and anaphylaxis. Participants will explore the signs, symptoms, and triggers of these conditions, equipping them with essential first aid knowledge. Test your understanding of effective response strategies in emergency situations.
