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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of the fireground strategy outlined in the SOG?
What is the main purpose of the fireground strategy outlined in the SOG?
Who is responsible for determining the appropriate fireground strategy?
Who is responsible for determining the appropriate fireground strategy?
Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the fireground strategy?
Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the fireground strategy?
What happens if offensive and defensive strategies are applied simultaneously in the same fire area?
What happens if offensive and defensive strategies are applied simultaneously in the same fire area?
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What benchmarks might influence a change in strategy during a fire incident?
What benchmarks might influence a change in strategy during a fire incident?
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Which NFPA standard is referenced in relation to fireground strategy responsibility?
Which NFPA standard is referenced in relation to fireground strategy responsibility?
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What is the recommended approach for managing fireground strategy?
What is the recommended approach for managing fireground strategy?
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What is the primary effect of knocking down the main body of fire?
What is the primary effect of knocking down the main body of fire?
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How should the strategic mode be adjusted during a fire incident?
How should the strategic mode be adjusted during a fire incident?
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What does the term 'fire under control' signify?
What does the term 'fire under control' signify?
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What should be done if exposure protection is established?
What should be done if exposure protection is established?
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When should Command notify dispatch that a primary search will not be completed?
When should Command notify dispatch that a primary search will not be completed?
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What should Command do after bringing a fire under control?
What should Command do after bringing a fire under control?
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What is the primary focus of an Offensive Fire Attack?
What is the primary focus of an Offensive Fire Attack?
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What must be established before starting fire operations during an Offensive Fire Attack?
What must be established before starting fire operations during an Offensive Fire Attack?
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How should initial attack efforts be directed in an Offensive Fire Attack?
How should initial attack efforts be directed in an Offensive Fire Attack?
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Why is it important to evaluate what is not burning during an Offensive Fire Attack?
Why is it important to evaluate what is not burning during an Offensive Fire Attack?
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What critical aspects should command consider during a fireground operation?
What critical aspects should command consider during a fireground operation?
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What must command do based on the evaluation of fire spread?
What must command do based on the evaluation of fire spread?
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In an Offensive Fire Attack, what should be done if firefighters face a fire with rapid spread?
In an Offensive Fire Attack, what should be done if firefighters face a fire with rapid spread?
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What is the responsibility of the IRIC team before entry into a burning structure?
What is the responsibility of the IRIC team before entry into a burning structure?
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What are the 7 sides or sectors that command must consider when responding to a fire?
What are the 7 sides or sectors that command must consider when responding to a fire?
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Why is it essential to open up and operate fire streams in concealed spaces such as attics?
Why is it essential to open up and operate fire streams in concealed spaces such as attics?
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What should be determined about the fire before initiating an attack?
What should be determined about the fire before initiating an attack?
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In marginal fire situations, what is the primary reason to initiate an offensive interior attack?
In marginal fire situations, what is the primary reason to initiate an offensive interior attack?
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What must command do when the primary all clear is obtained in a marginal situation?
What must command do when the primary all clear is obtained in a marginal situation?
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Which factor is NOT considered a basic variable relating to attack operations?
Which factor is NOT considered a basic variable relating to attack operations?
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When should command abandon a marginal attack?
When should command abandon a marginal attack?
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What is an important aspect of early ventilation during concealed space attacks?
What is an important aspect of early ventilation during concealed space attacks?
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What is the primary reason for Command to assign a Roof Sector during marginal situations?
What is the primary reason for Command to assign a Roof Sector during marginal situations?
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What signifies a transition from an offensive to a defensive fire attack?
What signifies a transition from an offensive to a defensive fire attack?
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What action should be taken if retreat is delayed due to hose lines during a defensive operation?
What action should be taken if retreat is delayed due to hose lines during a defensive operation?
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What should Sector Officers do immediately after a change to a defensive strategy?
What should Sector Officers do immediately after a change to a defensive strategy?
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In defensive operations, what is regarded as the top priority?
In defensive operations, what is regarded as the top priority?
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What does heavy smoke pressure indicate during a fire operation?
What does heavy smoke pressure indicate during a fire operation?
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What is the procedure following an announcement of a switch to a defensive strategy?
What is the procedure following an announcement of a switch to a defensive strategy?
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When should Command strongly consider not committing crews to the interior of a structure?
When should Command strongly consider not committing crews to the interior of a structure?
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What is the most effective tactic to be employed in defensive operations when water is limited?
What is the most effective tactic to be employed in defensive operations when water is limited?
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What does 'fire under control' indicate about the state of the fire?
What does 'fire under control' indicate about the state of the fire?
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What should Command do after bringing a fire under control?
What should Command do after bringing a fire under control?
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When should dispatch be informed that a primary search will not be completed?
When should dispatch be informed that a primary search will not be completed?
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What action should be taken before starting fire operations during an Offensive Fire Attack?
What action should be taken before starting fire operations during an Offensive Fire Attack?
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What is a key consideration when determining the fireground strategy for a structure fire?
What is a key consideration when determining the fireground strategy for a structure fire?
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What can trigger a change in the chosen fireground strategy during an incident?
What can trigger a change in the chosen fireground strategy during an incident?
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Why is it crucial for the Incident Commander to control the fireground strategy?
Why is it crucial for the Incident Commander to control the fireground strategy?
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What should be avoided to prevent danger to interior crews during a fire operation?
What should be avoided to prevent danger to interior crews during a fire operation?
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What is the responsibility of the initial Incident Commander upon arriving at a fire scene?
What is the responsibility of the initial Incident Commander upon arriving at a fire scene?
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Which factor is NOT part of the construction of a proper fireground strategy?
Which factor is NOT part of the construction of a proper fireground strategy?
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What role does the Risk Management Plan play in fireground strategy?
What role does the Risk Management Plan play in fireground strategy?
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When should the Incident Commander start managing the fireground strategy?
When should the Incident Commander start managing the fireground strategy?
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What must be done to manage concealed space fires effectively?
What must be done to manage concealed space fires effectively?
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Why is it necessary to evaluate the effect of an interior attack continuously?
Why is it necessary to evaluate the effect of an interior attack continuously?
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When should Command consider repositioning its attack strategy?
When should Command consider repositioning its attack strategy?
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What is the primary focus of an attack in marginal situations?
What is the primary focus of an attack in marginal situations?
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What must Command do as part of the fire control process?
What must Command do as part of the fire control process?
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What should be prioritized when establishing ventilation for concealed space attacks?
What should be prioritized when establishing ventilation for concealed space attacks?
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Which factor does not contribute to determining attack operations?
Which factor does not contribute to determining attack operations?
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What action should Command take regarding property that is already lost to fire?
What action should Command take regarding property that is already lost to fire?
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What is the central focus of an Offensive Fire Attack?
What is the central focus of an Offensive Fire Attack?
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Before initiating fire operations during an Offensive Fire Attack, what must be assessed regarding the structure?
Before initiating fire operations during an Offensive Fire Attack, what must be assessed regarding the structure?
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Why should fire companies evaluate what is not burning during an Offensive Fire Attack?
Why should fire companies evaluate what is not burning during an Offensive Fire Attack?
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What must Command prioritize based on the evaluation of fire spread?
What must Command prioritize based on the evaluation of fire spread?
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What is the purpose of assigning an IRIC team before entry into a structure?
What is the purpose of assigning an IRIC team before entry into a structure?
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What should be the focus of the initial attack line during an Offensive Fire Attack?
What should be the focus of the initial attack line during an Offensive Fire Attack?
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What should Command consider regarding fire extension directions?
What should Command consider regarding fire extension directions?
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How should personnel and resources be allocated on the fireground?
How should personnel and resources be allocated on the fireground?
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What should Command consider regarding the Roof Sector in marginal fire situations?
What should Command consider regarding the Roof Sector in marginal fire situations?
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What is the first priority during defensive operations?
What is the first priority during defensive operations?
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What is indicated when a command decides to switch to a defensive fire attack?
What is indicated when a command decides to switch to a defensive fire attack?
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What action should crews take if they need to retreat during a defensive operation but are hindered by hose lines?
What action should crews take if they need to retreat during a defensive operation but are hindered by hose lines?
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What must be reported by Sector Officers after a switch from offensive to defensive strategy?
What must be reported by Sector Officers after a switch from offensive to defensive strategy?
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When heavy smoke is being forced from a building under pressure, what is the recommended action for Command?
When heavy smoke is being forced from a building under pressure, what is the recommended action for Command?
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What crucial decision might Command make if no report of roof safety has been received?
What crucial decision might Command make if no report of roof safety has been received?
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What should be prioritized after announcing a switch to a defensive strategy?
What should be prioritized after announcing a switch to a defensive strategy?
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Study Notes
Fireground Strategy
- The Incident Commander is responsible for the fireground strategy
- Two main strategies are considered: Offensive and Defensive
- The strategy can change with conditions or as benchmarks are met
- The initial Incident Commander must communicate the strategy in the on-scene report.
- The strategy is determined by several factors including the building, fire load, smoke and fire conditions, and rescue potential
Offensive Fire Attack
- The structure must be determined as safe to enter before an offensive fire attack is initiated
- Offensive fire attacks are centered on rescue
- The first attack line must be placed between the victims and the fire for safety purposes
- Fire conditions need to be assessed before starting fire operations
- Command must consider the direction and speed of fire extension, particularly as it might affect:
- Rescue activities
- Risk to firefighters
- Confinement efforts
- Exposure protection
- Command needs to allocate personnel and resources based on these factors
- Command must consider all "sides" of the fire (front, rear, sides, top, bottom, and interior) to consider fire control
- In concealed spaces (attics) ventilation and fire streams to these areas needs to be a priority
- Command must anticipate the fire spread to ensure resources are ready
- The attack should focus on securing exposures and protecting property that might be at risk
- Attack variables include:
- Location and position of the attack
- Size of the attack
- Support functions needed
Marginal Fire Attack
- A marginal fire attack is conducted for rescue purposes
- If offensive conditions are not clear, Command may initiate an offensive interior attack while setting up defensive positions on the exterior
- Interior attacks are closely monitored and abandoned if necessary
- A marginal attack should be abandoned when
- A primary "all clear" has been obtained and the situation remains marginal
- The roof is unsafe or untenable
- Interior forces encounter excessive heat and cannot locate or make progress on the fire
- Heavy smoke is being forced from the building under pressure and increasing
- Assigning a Roof Sector early is crucial for evaluating roof conditions and the safety of interior operations
- It is better to switch to a defensive strategy too soon rather than too late
Defensive Fire Attack
- A defensive strategy is used when offensive operations are deemed unsafe due to personnel safety concerns and the structure is considered lost
- Defensive strategies are announced as Emergency Traffic and all personnel must withdraw from the structure maintaining a safe distance
- A PAR (Personnel Accountability Report) must be conducted after changing from an offensive to a defensive strategy
- Interior lines are withdrawn and repositioned when using a defensive strategy
- Hose lines should be abandoned if withdrawing from a structure is delayed and unsafe
- The top priorities of defensive operations are:
- Personnel safety
- Exposure protection
- Master streams are the most effective tactic to be employed in defensive operations
- "Fire under control" means the forward progress of the fire has been stopped and the remaining fire can be extinguished with available resources
- A PAR report must be conducted after the fire is brought under control
- If the situation requires a defensive strategy from the start, Command will inform dispatch that a primary search will not be completed, however, all buildings should be searched when possible after the initial fire is controlled
Fireground Strategy
- The Incident Commander determines the fireground strategy which can change based on conditions.
- Factors influencing the strategy include:
- Building type, condition, and age
- Structural integrity
- Fire load (fuel type)
- Fire and smoke conditions
- Rescue profile (potential for rescuing occupants)
- Key point: The Incident Commander is responsible for ensuring all personnel operate within the chosen strategy.
- Avoiding simultaneous offensive and defensive strategies in the same fire area is crucial to enhance firefighter safety.
Offensive Fire Attack
- This strategy is centered on rescue when it is safe to enter the building.
- An IRIC (Incident Rapid Intervention Crew) is assigned prior to entering.
- Initial attack efforts focus on supporting a primary search, meaning the first attack line is deployed between the victims and the fire to protect rescue and escape routes.
- It emphasizes a thorough understanding of fire conditions and its potential spread to guide fire control activities.
- The importance of knowing where the fire is heading and its potential impact on rescue activities, firefighter safety, confinement, and exposure protection is highlighted.
- The 7 sides (or sectors) of the fire (front, rear, both sides, top, bottom, and interior) should be addressed to ensure full control.
- Early identification and response to fires in concealed spaces (attics, ceiling areas) is essential.
- Early ventilation is a major support element in concealed space attacks.
- Command should anticipate where the fire will be in the future to position resources and personnel strategically.
Marginal Fire Attack
- This strategy is employed when the situation is unclear and the Incident Commander needs to balance offensive and defensive actions.
- It involves initiating an offensive interior attack while setting up defensive positions on the exterior.
- The effectiveness of the interior attack is constantly evaluated, and the strategy can change based on conditions.
- Marginal attacks should be abandoned when:
- A primary all clear is obtained, but the situation remains marginal.
- The roof is deemed unsafe or untenable.
- Interior forces encounter heavy heat, cannot locate the fire, or cannot make progress.
- Heavy smoke is being forcefully expelled from the building.
- The Incident Commander must receive a report from the Roof Sector confirming the roof's safety before committing crews to the interior.
Defensive Fire Attack
- This strategy is chosen when the structure is deemed lost due to safety concerns or the risk outweighs the potential for rescue.
- The announcement of a switch to a defensive strategy is an Emergency Traffic message, requiring all personnel to withdraw from the structure and maintain a safe distance.
- A PAR (Personnel Accountability Report) is conducted following the shift from offensive to defensive strategy.
- Interior lines are withdrawn and repositioned during a defensive strategy.
- Exposure protection is a top priority followed by personnel safety.
- The goal of defensive operations is to control the forward progress of the fire.
- When the fire is under control, the Incident Commander notifies dispatch and initiates a PAR.
- If defensive operations are implemented from the start, a primary search may not be conducted, but all buildings will be searched at some point to ensure no occupants are left behind.
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Description
This quiz covers the critical elements of fireground strategy, focusing on the roles of the Incident Commander and the difference between offensive and defensive tactics. Key factors such as building safety, fire conditions, and rescue priorities are explored. Assess your understanding of the procedures and considerations necessary for effective fireground management.
