Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of buildings are mostly found in the industrial area?
What type of buildings are mostly found in the industrial area?
- Small two-story office buildings
- Apartment complexes
- Large one-story factory buildings, junkyards, and empty lots (correct)
- Skyscrapers and residential homes
What does the ladder company captain direct his team to do upon approaching the location of the alarm?
What does the ladder company captain direct his team to do upon approaching the location of the alarm?
- Ventilate the large windows and truck entrance door immediately
- Force open the normal entrance door of the 75X100-foot brick-and-joist machine shop (correct)
- Raise a ground ladder to the roof of exposure 4
- Assist the engine company with stretching a hoseline
Which building has a hoseline already stretched to its front by the engine company?
Which building has a hoseline already stretched to its front by the engine company?
- A nearby residential home
- Exposure 4
- Exposure 2
- One-story 75X100-foot brick-and-joist machine shop (correct)
What is the ladder company's initial assessment of their role in the industrial area?
What is the ladder company's initial assessment of their role in the industrial area?
What action did the outside vent firefighter take at the rear of the fire building?
What action did the outside vent firefighter take at the rear of the fire building?
What did the captain do upon realizing the severity of the situation?
What did the captain do upon realizing the severity of the situation?
What led to the chief ordering evacuation?
What led to the chief ordering evacuation?
What is referred to as the 'timber truss trilogy'?
What is referred to as the 'timber truss trilogy'?
What did the firefighter on the roof radio about?
What did the firefighter on the roof radio about?
What did firefighters assume upon entering the factory's interior?
What did firefighters assume upon entering the factory's interior?
What action did the chief take upon arrival?
What action did the chief take upon arrival?
What made firefighters realize that collapse was imminent?
What made firefighters realize that collapse was imminent?
What does 'timber truss trilogy' specifically refer to?
What does 'timber truss trilogy' specifically refer to?
What did specific details include regarding 'timber truss trilogy'?
What did specific details include regarding 'timber truss trilogy'?
What are the three main dangers that timber truss construction poses to firefighters?
What are the three main dangers that timber truss construction poses to firefighters?
What is the most common type of timber truss roof?
What is the most common type of timber truss roof?
What can cause the collapse of a front masonry wall in a building with a bowstring truss roof?
What can cause the collapse of a front masonry wall in a building with a bowstring truss roof?
Why did the rear walls not collapse in the incidents in Bronx, New York?
Why did the rear walls not collapse in the incidents in Bronx, New York?
What makes sizing up a fire difficult in a building with a bowstring truss roof?
What makes sizing up a fire difficult in a building with a bowstring truss roof?
Why is identifying a bowstring truss roof by its curved shape not always easy or quick?
Why is identifying a bowstring truss roof by its curved shape not always easy or quick?
What caused a firefighter's death in Los Angeles in 1998?
What caused a firefighter's death in Los Angeles in 1998?
What are timber truss roofs made of?
What are timber truss roofs made of?
Under fire conditions, how strong is a timber truss?
Under fire conditions, how strong is a timber truss?
What makes timber truss roofs pose similar risks as they age in different regions?
What makes timber truss roofs pose similar risks as they age in different regions?
What kind of space was created by the bowstring timber truss section where the fire occurred in Hackensack, New Jersey?
What kind of space was created by the bowstring timber truss section where the fire occurred in Hackensack, New Jersey?
What is the purpose of a decorative front parapet wall in buildings with bowstring truss roofs?
What is the purpose of a decorative front parapet wall in buildings with bowstring truss roofs?
What is a key challenge faced by firefighters in buildings with bowstring truss roofs?
What is a key challenge faced by firefighters in buildings with bowstring truss roofs?
What is the role of early identification of a truss during a fire in buildings with bowstring truss roofs?
What is the role of early identification of a truss during a fire in buildings with bowstring truss roofs?
What function does the concave, arched underside of a bowstring truss roof serve during a fire?
What function does the concave, arched underside of a bowstring truss roof serve during a fire?
What might mislead firefighters into underestimating the potential fire hazard in buildings with bowstring truss roofs?
What might mislead firefighters into underestimating the potential fire hazard in buildings with bowstring truss roofs?
What are three size-up indicators of a truss roof in a building?
What are three size-up indicators of a truss roof in a building?
Where are bowstring timber truss roofs most often found?
Where are bowstring timber truss roofs most often found?
How does the absence of a ceiling impact firefighting operations in buildings with timber truss roofs?
How does the absence of a ceiling impact firefighting operations in buildings with timber truss roofs?
What makes access to the truss attic space challenging in buildings with timber trusses concealed by a ceiling?
What makes access to the truss attic space challenging in buildings with timber trusses concealed by a ceiling?
What is the recommended method for gaining quick access into a concealed roof space in a building with a bowstring truss-roofed attic?
What is the recommended method for gaining quick access into a concealed roof space in a building with a bowstring truss-roofed attic?
In a bowstring truss-roofed building with enclosed web areas and a serious fire burning in one bay between trusses, which truss is likely to fail first?
In a bowstring truss-roofed building with enclosed web areas and a serious fire burning in one bay between trusses, which truss is likely to fail first?
In a 100 by 100 feet building with truss sections 20 feet on center, how much roof section will collapse if one truss fails?
In a 100 by 100 feet building with truss sections 20 feet on center, how much roof section will collapse if one truss fails?
When a firefighter proceeds from the roof center above the failing truss, what direction may provide temporary safety?
When a firefighter proceeds from the roof center above the failing truss, what direction may provide temporary safety?
What is crucial for firefighter safety in places of worship with timber truss roofs?
What is crucial for firefighter safety in places of worship with timber truss roofs?
What contributes to rapid timber truss roof collapse during fires in places of worship?
What contributes to rapid timber truss roof collapse during fires in places of worship?
What is often the most unstable structure in a community during earthquakes?
What is often the most unstable structure in a community during earthquakes?
What is a collapse danger in a house of worship, especially the tower and steeple?
What is a collapse danger in a house of worship, especially the tower and steeple?
What do firefighters need to be aware of and take necessary precautions when responding to fires in places of worship?
What do firefighters need to be aware of and take necessary precautions when responding to fires in places of worship?
What is essential for safety in truss constructed buildings during firefighting operations?
What is essential for safety in truss constructed buildings during firefighting operations?
What is the purpose of venting stained-glass windows in places of worship during a fire?
What is the purpose of venting stained-glass windows in places of worship during a fire?
What is the risk associated with not effectively venting smoke stratifying near the high ceiling in places of worship?
What is the risk associated with not effectively venting smoke stratifying near the high ceiling in places of worship?
What should be considered when determining firefighting strategies for places of worship?
What should be considered when determining firefighting strategies for places of worship?
What hazard do stone veneer surfaces pose in places of worship during a fire?
What hazard do stone veneer surfaces pose in places of worship during a fire?
What should firefighters do during the initial stages to vent stained-glass windows near the fire?
What should firefighters do during the initial stages to vent stained-glass windows near the fire?
Why is checking the attic for fire spread crucial in places of worship?
Why is checking the attic for fire spread crucial in places of worship?
What should be the initial strategy if a hoseline cannot extinguish a fire in a place of worship?
What should be the initial strategy if a hoseline cannot extinguish a fire in a place of worship?
What is the primary danger associated with a covered rose window in a place of worship during a fire?
What is the primary danger associated with a covered rose window in a place of worship during a fire?
What should be done after venting the rose window during a church fire?
What should be done after venting the rose window during a church fire?
What is the purpose of an aerial master stream in a burning place of worship?
What is the purpose of an aerial master stream in a burning place of worship?
What should firefighters do if two hoselines do not extinguish a fire in a place of worship?
What should firefighters do if two hoselines do not extinguish a fire in a place of worship?
What is the first part of a church building to collapse during earthquake simulations?
What is the first part of a church building to collapse during earthquake simulations?
What should be prepared if an interior attack does not succeed during a church fire?
What should be prepared if an interior attack does not succeed during a church fire?
What is rated among the most unstable parts of a building during an earthquake simulation?
What is rated among the most unstable parts of a building during an earthquake simulation?
What strategy should be adopted if it is determined that a church fire cannot be extinguished by a hoseline?
What strategy should be adopted if it is determined that a church fire cannot be extinguished by a hoseline?
What is a primary structural member in a church or synagogue?
What is a primary structural member in a church or synagogue?
Which area of a burning place of worship is considered the most dangerous during a fire?
Which area of a burning place of worship is considered the most dangerous during a fire?
What makes handheld hoselines ineffective for extinguishing fires in attics of places of worship?
What makes handheld hoselines ineffective for extinguishing fires in attics of places of worship?
What can the collapse of a large church ceiling cause?
What can the collapse of a large church ceiling cause?
What emotional factor can lead firefighters to take unusual risks in places of worship?
What emotional factor can lead firefighters to take unusual risks in places of worship?
What should be the priorities for firefighters when fighting fires in places of worship?
What should be the priorities for firefighters when fighting fires in places of worship?
What is recommended as the size for the initial attack hoseline when fighting fires in places of worship?
What is recommended as the size for the initial attack hoseline when fighting fires in places of worship?
Where should primary venting be done in a place of assembly?
Where should primary venting be done in a place of assembly?
What are exterior fire spread problems in a place of worship similar to?
What are exterior fire spread problems in a place of worship similar to?
How should firefighters be protected from collapse dangers in a burning place of worship?
How should firefighters be protected from collapse dangers in a burning place of worship?
What strategy is recommended for fighting fires in places of worship?
What strategy is recommended for fighting fires in places of worship?
Study Notes
Fire Safety in Buildings with Bowstring Truss Roofs
- A high, decorative front parapet wall can conceal the roof shape from all operating members, except those positioned on the roof.
- Early identification of a truss during a fire is crucial for safe operations and can prevent serious injuries.
- Firefighters discovering any type of truss in a building should immediately relay this information to the officer in command.
- The concave, arched underside of a bowstring truss roof acts as a "heat sink," allowing heat and smoke to flow upward, delaying the build-up of heat and smoke at the floor.
- In buildings with a bowstring truss roof, firefighters may receive conflicting reports from those operating above and below a fire, leading to challenges in assessing the severity of the fire.
- A low fire load in a bowstring truss-roofed building may mislead firefighters into thinking there is little to burn, but there could be a significant structural fire load in the roof system.
- Three size-up indicators of a truss roof in a building include a large open space without columns, a mounded roof shape, and certain occupancies that frequently use truss construction.
- Bowstring timber truss roofs are most often found in prewar industrial buildings, garages, lumberyards, piers, bowling alleys, and supermarkets.
- The absence of a ceiling in buildings with timber truss roofs greatly assists firefighters in identifying trusses and extinguishing fires quickly.
- Buildings with timber truss roofs concealed by ceilings pose greater danger to firefighters, with examples of fatalities in such buildings.
- Access to the truss attic space in buildings with timber trusses concealed by a ceiling is challenging, and extinguishing fires in this space is rare.
- For example, the Brooklyn supermarket had a truss attic space with timber trusses concealed by ornamental tin and suspended panel ceilings, making access and extinguishment difficult.
Firefighting in Places of Worship
- In a church or synagogue, the weight of the roof is supported by the sidewalls, making them primary structural members.
- Incident commanders need to be aware that a collapsing roof can push out the sidewalls, and a failing wall can cause the roof to collapse.
- The exposure A, B, and D sides of a burning place of worship are the most dangerous areas during a fire.
- Attics in places of worship often contain a significant amount of wood, making handheld hoselines ineffective for extinguishing fires in these spaces.
- The collapse of a large church ceiling can cause an explosion-like eruption, blowing out windows and creating a vacuum that leads to a flashover of superheated smoke and fire gases.
- The emotional factor of fighting fires in places of worship can lead firefighters to take unusual risks, as these buildings often hold sacred objects and are of great significance to the community.
- Firefighters need to adhere to the priorities of addressing the life hazard, incident stabilization, and property protection, even in places of worship.
- The initial attack hoseline should be the largest diameter hose available and must attack the seat of the fire, while a second hoseline is needed as backup.
- Primary venting in a place of assembly should be the rose window at the front of the building and the stained-glass windows near the fire on both sides of the structure.
- The exterior fire spread problems of a place of worship are similar to heavy timber mill buildings, with radiated heat and airborne flying embers being significant hazards.
- Collapse dangers in a burning place of worship include the bell towers, steeple, ceiling, sidewalls, and roof, and firefighters should be protected from these hazards using aerial master streams from safe areas.
- The strategy for fighting fires in places of worship involves using large amounts of water and high-pressure streams with maximum reach, as well as addressing the unique hazards and emotional factors associated with these buildings.
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Description
Test your knowledge of firefighting and truss identification with this quiz. Learn about the importance of early identification of trusses and the actions firefighters should take upon discovery.
