Ch 19 pg 486-493
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Questions and Answers

_____ systems are generally the last items completed since the heads aren’t installed in hung ceilings areas until the ceiling itself is installed. The same may be true for fire doors and partitions in areas that aren’t yet rented

Sprinkler

As an absolute minimum the standpipe riser and outlets should progress to within ___ floors of the highest level under construction. This is a required part of many construction codes, but it is often overlooked

Two

Most standpipe systems in buildings under construction will be ______ dry systems, at least temporarily

Non automatic

Buildings under construction may be equipped with an FDC connection you haven’t seen before which is ___ black pipes with swivels sticking out through a fence or tarpaulin

<p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

It isn’t unusual to find the floor outlet valves left in the open position, especially the ones in the ____, which are drains for the plumber

<p>Cellar</p> Signup and view all the answers

First arriving units should make it a habit to test the ___ floor outlets for water before proceeding upward

<p>First</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ___ of the riser is left open without a shutoff of any kind

<p>Top</p> Signup and view all the answers

A riser _____ valve may be installed to divide the system into two or more zones. These valves may be closed to facilitate pressure testing of a segment

<p>Sectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sectional valves are usually found every ___ ft of building height ( every __ floors in residential buildings, every 10-__ in commercial buildings)

<p>150 15 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sectional valve is often found on a _____ equipment floor, but it may be in a staircase as a riser control valve.

<p>Mechanical</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bearing wall is stronger than a free standing wall due to the downward ____ load and as well as the ____ bracing provided by the floor and roof.

<p>Compressive horizontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Steel I beams and columns often relieve a spray on ____ coating that protects them from heat

<p>Fibrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

If this spray on coating is removed due to alterations steel will lose strength at approximately ____ degrees f

<p>1500</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many so called non combustible buildings rely on a ___ ceiling to provide a membrane type fire resistance from the occupancy and otherwise unprotected steel

<p>Hung</p> Signup and view all the answers

A heavy fire that involves in area which numerous steel cables act as support demands either immediate ____ of the cables or prompt _____ of the building and the surrounding area

<p>Cooking evacuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Steel cables found in post tensioned concrete give it ____ strength

<p>Tensile</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hydraulic jacks exert ____ of pounds or pressure to the steel cables in concrete

<p>Thousands</p> Signup and view all the answers

The jacking phase of post tensioned concrete can take ____ weeks

<p>Several</p> Signup and view all the answers

It takes about __ hours for concrete to harden enough even to be able to support its own weight. It’s in this period that it’s most vulnerable to collapse due to fire

<p>48</p> Signup and view all the answers

The floor below the most recently poured concrete is a veritable lumberyard of ____ and ___ post

<p>Plywood 4x4</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 4x4 post are placed every __ ft in each direction to support the weight of the concrete

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

The entire ceiling is made of plywood or fiberglass, which has often been treated with a _____ coating so that the concrete doesn’t stick to the wood

<p>Combustible</p> Signup and view all the answers

It takes concrete approximately __ days to reach its greatest load carrying capacity

<p>28</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the first 48 hours the formwork will stripped off to be re used on high floors, but for the next __-20 days the floors will still be braced with 4x4s, spaces every __ ft

<p>16 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

Newer construction methods use adjustable _____ post to replace wooden post, and _____ forms to replace plywood for most areas

<p>Aluminum fiberglass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Very substantial chunks, weighing __ pounds or more can collapse from the result of fire. (Spalling)

<p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

The upper floors of structures are the last to be built but the first to be ____ because of the desirability of a view and prestige

<p>Rented</p> Signup and view all the answers

To compound the issue, most construction codes allow these lower floors to remain _____, even though the finished areas, often with a lighter fire loads, require sprinklers

<p>Unsprinklered</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is a very simple matter to install a basic exposed pipe sprinkler system with __ in outlets leading to each head, instead of having the head mounted in the fitting with its __ in thread

<p>1 1/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

He designed one sprinkler system in a prefinished building with the sprinkler lines spaced only __ ft apart (100 sq ft per head)

<p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stairwell doors and doors between occupancy’s are often ___ open to facilitate the passage of material from one area to another

<p>Blocked</p> Signup and view all the answers

The only way to prevent a catastrophe such as the towering inferno is by proper ____ of the structure and its protection systems, ____ of the applicable codes with an eye towards fire prevention and extinguishingment and education of the owners and occupants of the building abou

<p>Engineering enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ff death rate at a vacant building is _-5 times that of fires in occupied residential buildings

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

An empty ____ indicates that a building is of normal structural stability and normal interior operations may be conducted depending on the extend of the fire found on arrival

<p>Square</p> Signup and view all the answers

A box with one ___ drawn _____ through it indicates a serious hazard, such as holes in the floor and signals that all ops should be conducted from the exterior if possible.

<p>Line diagonally</p> Signup and view all the answers

A box with an _ drawn through it indicates ____ hazards and all firefighting should be done from the exterior. If a small fire requires a crew to enter, permission must be sought from the IC

<p>X severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alexandria VA uses ____ signs to mark their vacant buildings while Nassau New York uses _____ signs

<p>Paper cardboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

The thing that will save you is ____ when operating in or around these ff death traps

<p>Caution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the last system installed in a building?

Sprinkler systems are typically installed last in construction projects because they require a complete ceiling to be in place.

How high must standpipe risers be during construction?

Standpipe risers must reach within two floors of the highest level under construction as a safety measure.

What type of standpipe systems dominate construction projects?

Non-automatic dry systems are the most common type of standpipe system during building construction.

How are FDC connections in construction identified?

An FDC connection for buildings under construction often features two black pipes with swivels sticking out through a fence or tarpaulin.

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Why are floor outlet valves often left open during construction?

Floor outlet valves, especially those in the cellar, often remain open during construction, serving as drains for plumbing work.

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What should firefighters check when arriving at a fire scene in a building under construction?

First arriving units should check the first floor outlets for water before proceeding upward, as this can indicate a potential water supply issue.

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What is the condition of the standpipe riser top during construction?

The top of the standpipe riser is left open without any shutoff valve as a safety precaution during construction.

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What is the purpose of a sectional valve in standpipe systems?

A sectional valve can be used to isolate parts of a standpipe system, allowing for testing and maintenance.

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How often are sectional valves installed in buildings under construction?

Sectional valves are typically placed every 150 feet in building height, roughly every 15 floors in residential buildings and 10-12 floors in commercial buildings.

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Where are sectional valves usually located?

A sectional valve often resides on a mechanical equipment floor, but it may be located in a staircase as a riser control valve.

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Why are bearing walls stronger than freestanding walls?

Bearing walls are stronger than freestanding walls because they receive downward compressive load from the floor and roof, as well as horizontal bracing from the floor and roof.

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What kind of coating is typically applied to steel I beams and columns?

Steel I beams and columns often have a spray-on fibrous coating to protect them from heat.

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At what temperature does steel significantly lose its strength?

Steel loses significant strength around 1500 degrees Fahrenheit, rendering it less effective in structural support.

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How do some non-combustible buildings manage fire resistance?

Many non-combustible buildings rely on a hung ceiling to create a protective fire-resistant membrane above combustible materials.

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What are the immediate actions required when a fire involves numerous steel cables?

Heavy fires involving numerous steel cables in a structure require immediate cooling of the cables or evacuation of the building and surrounding area.

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How does post-tensioned concrete gain tensile strength?

Post-tensioned concrete gains tensile strength from the embedded steel cables.

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How much pressure do hydraulic jacks exert on steel cables during post-tensioning?

Hydraulic jacks apply thousands of pounds of pressure to steel cables in post-tensioned concrete.

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How long does the jacking phase of post-tensioned concrete last?

The jacking phase of post-tensioning concrete can take several weeks to complete.

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When is concrete most vulnerable to collapse from fire?

Concrete takes about 48 hours to harden enough to support its own weight and during this period it is highly vulnerable to collapse from fire.

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What materials are found on the floor below newly poured concrete?

The floor below newly poured concrete acts as a temporary storage area for plywood and 4x4 posts used as support.

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How are 4x4 posts spaced in the temporary support system?

4x4 posts are placed every 4 feet in each direction to support the weight of the concrete.

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What is the typical composition of ceilings above poured concrete?

The ceiling in areas with poured concrete is made of plywood or fiberglass often treated with a combustible coating to prevent sticking.

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How long does it take for concrete to reach its maximum load-carrying capacity?

Concrete achieves its maximum load-carrying capacity after approximately 28 days.

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What happens to the formwork and support system after the initial 48 hours?

After 48 hours, the formwork is removed for reuse, but the floors are still braced with 4x4 posts for 16-20 days, spaced every 8 feet.

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What are some newer construction methods for supporting concrete?

Adjustable aluminum posts and fiberglass forms are used in modern construction to replace wooden posts and plywood.

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What is the potential danger associated with concrete spalling?

Large chunks of concrete, weighing over 100 pounds, can dislodge and cause a significant safety hazard during a fire.

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What floors in a building structure are typically rented first?

Upper floors in buildings are often rented first due to their desirability and prestige.

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How do most construction codes handle sprinkler systems in unfinished lower floors?

Construction codes often allow lower floors, even those with relatively low fire loads, to remain unsprinklered while finished areas are sprinklered.

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What is a simple approach to installing an exposed pipe sprinkler system?

A simple exposed pipe sprinkler system can be installed with 1 1/2 inch outlets connecting to each sprinkler head.

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What was the sprinkler line spacing in one building design?

In one design, sprinkler lines were spaced only 10 feet apart, providing coverage of 100 square feet per sprinkler head.

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What is a common problem with doors in buildings under construction?

Stairwell doors and doors between occupancies are frequently left blocked open during construction to facilitate the movement of materials.

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What are the key factors for fire safety in buildings under construction?

To prevent fires in buildings under construction, proper engineering of the structure and its safety systems, strict enforcement of building codes, and education of building occupants are crucial.

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What is the relationship between death rates in vacant buildings and occupied residential buildings?

The death rate in vacant buildings is 3-5 times higher than in occupied residential buildings during fires.

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What does a square symbol indicate when inspecting a building under construction?

A square symbol indicates that a building has normal structural stability and interior operations can proceed depending on the extent of the fire.

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What does a square with a diagonal line indicate during a building inspection?

A square with a line drawn diagonally through indicates serious safety hazards, such as holes in the floor, and all operations should be conducted from the exterior.

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What does a square with an 'X' through it indicate during a building inspection?

A square with an 'X' drawn through it indicates severe hazards, requiring all firefighting to be done from the exterior. Limited entry is allowed only with approval from the IC.

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How do Alexandria, VA and Nassau, NY mark vacant buildings?

Alexandria, VA uses paper signs and Nassau, NY uses cardboard signs to mark their vacant buildings.

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What is the single most important safety measure when operating around buildings under construction?

Caution is the most important element in safely operating around buildings under construction.

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