Questions and Answers
What are the three types of fingerprint impressions?
What are patent fingerprints?
Liquid impression of a fingerprint on a surface (e.g.: blood or ink).
What are plastic fingerprints?
Actual indentations left in some soft materials (e.g.: clay, putty, wax, or dust).
What are latent fingerprints?
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What are some names of fingerprint powders?
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What are some names of fingerprint chemicals?
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What does Ninhydrin do?
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What is the physical developer?
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What is cyanoacrylate fuming?
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What is iodine fuming?
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What are crystal/gentian violet used for?
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What is LCV (Lueco Crystal Violet) used for?
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What is Amido Black used for?
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How do you preserve latent prints?
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What makes up a fingerprint?
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What factors affect fingerprints?
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What are some transposal factors?
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What are some environmental factors?
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The age, sex, and race of an individual can be solely determined by fingerprints.
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What are fingerprints used for?
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In what order do you print fingerprints?
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What factors affect a good fingerprint?
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What supplies are required when taking prints?
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What are the steps to taking someone's fingerprints?
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What are some special situations you could run into when taking someone's prints?
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What is a fingerprint?
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What does an arch look like?
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What does a loop look like?
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What does a whorl look like?
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What is ridgeology?
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What is the classification system for fingerprints?
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Invisible fingerprints are caused by:
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To what does classification of fingerprints refer?
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Fingerprints are useful in all but which one of the following?
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When attempts are made to crudely remove friction ridges using chemicals or sandpaper, what usually happens?
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What is characteristic about a radial loop?
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What can create latent prints?
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What are invisible prints?
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Magnetic powders are useful when:
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The iodine method is particularly effective for lifting prints:
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How are friction ridges formed?
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For what reason is Alphonse Bertillon remembered?
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The admissibility of fingerprint evidence can be traced to the case of:
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How are fingerprints usually lifted from objects?
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What can a forensic expert conclude from a latent print alone?
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Which of the following is used in the development of latent prints?
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The study of fingerprints as a means of identification is known as ________.
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Fingerprints are classified into what three patterns?
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There is how many number of chemical methods that have been successfully used to develop fingerprints on various surfaces?
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You witness a fingerprint made by blood on the victim's wrist. What kind of fingerprint is this called?
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A worker named Alan left fingerprints on the counter after being shot. What kind of fingerprints are these?
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Study Notes
Types of Fingerprint Impressions
- Three types: latent, patent, and plastic.
Patent Fingerprints
- Liquid impressions observed on surfaces, such as blood or ink.
Plastic Fingerprints
- Actual indentations found in soft materials, like clay or wax.
Latent Fingerprints
- Hidden prints resulting from the transfer of oils and secretions onto surfaces.
Fingerprint Powders
- Common types include grey, black, magnetic, and fluorescent powders.
Fingerprint Chemicals
- Include ninhydrin, physical developer, cyanoacrylate fuming, iodine fuming, crystal/gentian violet, amido black, and LCV.
Ninhydrin
- Reacts with amino acids in sweat to produce purple-blue prints.
Physical Developer
- Liquid silver nitrate, used as a last resort because it destroys proteins.
Cyanoacrylate (Superglue) Fuming
- Developed by Japanese police in 1982, useful for fingerprint development.
Iodine Fuming
- An older method where vapors react with fatty oils and sweat.
Crystal/Gentian Violet
- Utilized for developing tape prints.
LCV (Leuco Crystal Violet)
- Effective for enhancing faint bloody prints.
Amido Black
- A stain for enhancing faint bloody prints.
Preserving Latent Prints
- Methods include photographing, covering, and lifting prints with tape to a labeled card.
Composition of Fingerprints
- Composed mainly of sweat (99-99.5% water) and contaminants (body fluids, oils).
Factors Affecting Fingerprints
- Influence of age, ridge structure, stimuli, medical conditions, and environmental factors.
Transposal Factors
- Include surface texture, hand contaminants, receiving surface, contact, and pressure.
Environmental Factors
- Conditions such as temperature, humidity, and handling affect fingerprints.
Limitations of Fingerprints
- Cannot solely determine a person's age, sex, or race.
Uses of Fingerprints
- In crime solving, identity confirmation, deceased identification, access control, and employment clearances.
Fingerprint Printing Order
- Right thumb, pointer, middle, ring, pinky, followed by the left hand in the same order.
Factors Affecting Good Fingerprints
- Self-printing habits, excessive pressure, wet fingers, and health issues.
Supplies for Taking Prints
- Requires an ink pad, ten-print card, adequate space, and hand soap.
Steps to Taking Fingerprints
- Communicate, roll prints, take plain impressions, and clean up afterward.
Special Situations in Fingerprinting
- Consider issues such as amputations, bandaged fingers, scars, and deformities.
Definition of Fingerprint
- An impression made by a finger's friction ridges upon contact, unique to each individual.
Fingerprint Patterns
- Arches: extends from one side to the other.
- Loops: enter and exit from the same side.
- Whorls: circular patterns.
Ridgeology
- The study focused on the uniqueness of friction ridge structures for personal identification.
Classification System
- Similar to alphabets, each fingerprint pattern is assigned a specific value for identification.
Invisible Fingerprints
- Created by deposits of oil and perspiration, requiring development to become visible.
Iodine Method Effectiveness
- Particularly good for lifting prints with fat or oil residue.
Friction Ridge Formation
- Established at birth and unchanged thereafter.
Alphonse Bertillon's Contribution
- Noted for using fingerprints to help identify lost children.
Key Case for Fingerprint Evidence
- "People v. Jennings" (1911) established the admissibility of fingerprint evidence.
Lifting Fingerprints
- Typically lifted using clear cellophane tape.
Forensic Conclusions from Latent Prints
- Can determine the identity of the perpetrator based solely on latent prints.
Dactylography
- The study of fingerprints as a method of identification.
Patterns of Fingerprints
- Classified into arched, looped, and whorled patterns.
Chemical Methods for Development
- Four distinct chemical methods exist for developing fingerprints on various surfaces.
Types of Fingerprints
- Patent fingerprints are visible, made by blood or other substances.
- Latent fingerprints are not immediately visible and require development techniques.
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Description
This quiz covers the three types of fingerprint impressions: latent, patent, and plastic. Each type is defined along with examples to deepen your understanding. Perfect for students of forensic science or those interested in criminology.