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Questions and Answers
What are the three types of fingerprint impressions?
What are the three types of fingerprint impressions?
What are patent fingerprints?
What are patent fingerprints?
Liquid impression of a fingerprint on a surface (e.g.: blood or ink).
What are plastic fingerprints?
What are plastic fingerprints?
Actual indentations left in some soft materials (e.g.: clay, putty, wax, or dust).
What are latent fingerprints?
What are latent fingerprints?
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What are some names of fingerprint powders?
What are some names of fingerprint powders?
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What are some names of fingerprint chemicals?
What are some names of fingerprint chemicals?
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What does Ninhydrin do?
What does Ninhydrin do?
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What is the physical developer?
What is the physical developer?
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What is cyanoacrylate fuming?
What is cyanoacrylate fuming?
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What is iodine fuming?
What is iodine fuming?
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What are crystal/gentian violet used for?
What are crystal/gentian violet used for?
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What is LCV (Lueco Crystal Violet) used for?
What is LCV (Lueco Crystal Violet) used for?
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What is Amido Black used for?
What is Amido Black used for?
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How do you preserve latent prints?
How do you preserve latent prints?
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What makes up a fingerprint?
What makes up a fingerprint?
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What factors affect fingerprints?
What factors affect fingerprints?
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What are some transposal factors?
What are some transposal factors?
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What are some environmental factors?
What are some environmental factors?
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The age, sex, and race of an individual can be solely determined by fingerprints.
The age, sex, and race of an individual can be solely determined by fingerprints.
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What are fingerprints used for?
What are fingerprints used for?
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In what order do you print fingerprints?
In what order do you print fingerprints?
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What factors affect a good fingerprint?
What factors affect a good fingerprint?
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What supplies are required when taking prints?
What supplies are required when taking prints?
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What are the steps to taking someone's fingerprints?
What are the steps to taking someone's fingerprints?
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What are some special situations you could run into when taking someone's prints?
What are some special situations you could run into when taking someone's prints?
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What is a fingerprint?
What is a fingerprint?
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What does an arch look like?
What does an arch look like?
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What does a loop look like?
What does a loop look like?
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What does a whorl look like?
What does a whorl look like?
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What is ridgeology?
What is ridgeology?
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What is the classification system for fingerprints?
What is the classification system for fingerprints?
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Invisible fingerprints are caused by:
Invisible fingerprints are caused by:
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To what does classification of fingerprints refer?
To what does classification of fingerprints refer?
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Fingerprints are useful in all but which one of the following?
Fingerprints are useful in all but which one of the following?
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When attempts are made to crudely remove friction ridges using chemicals or sandpaper, what usually happens?
When attempts are made to crudely remove friction ridges using chemicals or sandpaper, what usually happens?
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What is characteristic about a radial loop?
What is characteristic about a radial loop?
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What can create latent prints?
What can create latent prints?
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What are invisible prints?
What are invisible prints?
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Magnetic powders are useful when:
Magnetic powders are useful when:
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The iodine method is particularly effective for lifting prints:
The iodine method is particularly effective for lifting prints:
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How are friction ridges formed?
How are friction ridges formed?
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For what reason is Alphonse Bertillon remembered?
For what reason is Alphonse Bertillon remembered?
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The admissibility of fingerprint evidence can be traced to the case of:
The admissibility of fingerprint evidence can be traced to the case of:
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How are fingerprints usually lifted from objects?
How are fingerprints usually lifted from objects?
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What can a forensic expert conclude from a latent print alone?
What can a forensic expert conclude from a latent print alone?
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Which of the following is used in the development of latent prints?
Which of the following is used in the development of latent prints?
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The study of fingerprints as a means of identification is known as ________.
The study of fingerprints as a means of identification is known as ________.
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Fingerprints are classified into what three patterns?
Fingerprints are classified into what three patterns?
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There is how many number of chemical methods that have been successfully used to develop fingerprints on various surfaces?
There is how many number of chemical methods that have been successfully used to develop fingerprints on various surfaces?
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You witness a fingerprint made by blood on the victim's wrist. What kind of fingerprint is this called?
You witness a fingerprint made by blood on the victim's wrist. What kind of fingerprint is this called?
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A worker named Alan left fingerprints on the counter after being shot. What kind of fingerprints are these?
A worker named Alan left fingerprints on the counter after being shot. What kind of fingerprints are these?
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Study Notes
Types of Fingerprint Impressions
- Three types: latent, patent, and plastic.
Patent Fingerprints
- Liquid impressions observed on surfaces, such as blood or ink.
Plastic Fingerprints
- Actual indentations found in soft materials, like clay or wax.
Latent Fingerprints
- Hidden prints resulting from the transfer of oils and secretions onto surfaces.
Fingerprint Powders
- Common types include grey, black, magnetic, and fluorescent powders.
Fingerprint Chemicals
- Include ninhydrin, physical developer, cyanoacrylate fuming, iodine fuming, crystal/gentian violet, amido black, and LCV.
Ninhydrin
- Reacts with amino acids in sweat to produce purple-blue prints.
Physical Developer
- Liquid silver nitrate, used as a last resort because it destroys proteins.
Cyanoacrylate (Superglue) Fuming
- Developed by Japanese police in 1982, useful for fingerprint development.
Iodine Fuming
- An older method where vapors react with fatty oils and sweat.
Crystal/Gentian Violet
- Utilized for developing tape prints.
LCV (Leuco Crystal Violet)
- Effective for enhancing faint bloody prints.
Amido Black
- A stain for enhancing faint bloody prints.
Preserving Latent Prints
- Methods include photographing, covering, and lifting prints with tape to a labeled card.
Composition of Fingerprints
- Composed mainly of sweat (99-99.5% water) and contaminants (body fluids, oils).
Factors Affecting Fingerprints
- Influence of age, ridge structure, stimuli, medical conditions, and environmental factors.
Transposal Factors
- Include surface texture, hand contaminants, receiving surface, contact, and pressure.
Environmental Factors
- Conditions such as temperature, humidity, and handling affect fingerprints.
Limitations of Fingerprints
- Cannot solely determine a person's age, sex, or race.
Uses of Fingerprints
- In crime solving, identity confirmation, deceased identification, access control, and employment clearances.
Fingerprint Printing Order
- Right thumb, pointer, middle, ring, pinky, followed by the left hand in the same order.
Factors Affecting Good Fingerprints
- Self-printing habits, excessive pressure, wet fingers, and health issues.
Supplies for Taking Prints
- Requires an ink pad, ten-print card, adequate space, and hand soap.
Steps to Taking Fingerprints
- Communicate, roll prints, take plain impressions, and clean up afterward.
Special Situations in Fingerprinting
- Consider issues such as amputations, bandaged fingers, scars, and deformities.
Definition of Fingerprint
- An impression made by a finger's friction ridges upon contact, unique to each individual.
Fingerprint Patterns
- Arches: extends from one side to the other.
- Loops: enter and exit from the same side.
- Whorls: circular patterns.
Ridgeology
- The study focused on the uniqueness of friction ridge structures for personal identification.
Classification System
- Similar to alphabets, each fingerprint pattern is assigned a specific value for identification.
Invisible Fingerprints
- Created by deposits of oil and perspiration, requiring development to become visible.
Iodine Method Effectiveness
- Particularly good for lifting prints with fat or oil residue.
Friction Ridge Formation
- Established at birth and unchanged thereafter.
Alphonse Bertillon's Contribution
- Noted for using fingerprints to help identify lost children.
Key Case for Fingerprint Evidence
- "People v. Jennings" (1911) established the admissibility of fingerprint evidence.
Lifting Fingerprints
- Typically lifted using clear cellophane tape.
Forensic Conclusions from Latent Prints
- Can determine the identity of the perpetrator based solely on latent prints.
Dactylography
- The study of fingerprints as a method of identification.
Patterns of Fingerprints
- Classified into arched, looped, and whorled patterns.
Chemical Methods for Development
- Four distinct chemical methods exist for developing fingerprints on various surfaces.
Types of Fingerprints
- Patent fingerprints are visible, made by blood or other substances.
- Latent fingerprints are not immediately visible and require development techniques.
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Description
This quiz covers the three types of fingerprint impressions: latent, patent, and plastic. Each type is defined along with examples to deepen your understanding. Perfect for students of forensic science or those interested in criminology.