20 Questions
What is the primary reason for the uniqueness of fingerprint patterns?
The principle of physical uniqueness inherent in fingerprint patterns
Which term is used to describe the patterned ridges found on the skin?
Epidermal ridges
At what stage of the human embryo do volar formations begin to appear?
7 weeks’ gestation
What is the primary function of the eccrine glands in relation to friction skin?
Exude perspiration
Which part of the human body has locally parallel friction ridges separated by furrows (sulci)?
Hands and feet
What is the composition of the outmost layer of skin on human fingers, palms, toes, and soles?
Epidermis
Which type of loop pattern has an angle to the left?
Ulnar loop
What type of whorl pattern has two deltas and one core?
Central pocket loop whorl
In which type of arch pattern do ridges flow in from one side and flow out the opposite side without any deltas or core?
Plain arch
What can naturally desiccated bodies lead to if the moisture content of tissues is below the level required for bacterial putrefaction?
Mummification
Which method of fingerprint alteration temporarily flattens the friction ridges?
Abrading
What term is used to describe the inherited absence of epidermal ridges on the fingers or toes?
Ridge aplasia
Which factor affects the lifespan of a fingerprint deposit?
Composition
What type of fingerprint pattern has ridges that flow upwards rather than forming whorls or loops?
Cuspal patterns
Which type of fingerprint is made in perspiration and is not readily visible until developed?
Latent print
What is the primary purpose of the Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) service in the USA?
To store, search, and retrieve finger and palm print electronic images
In the context of friction ridge analysis, what does the term 'ACE-V' stand for?
Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, Verification
What is the main characteristic of friction ridges found on the palmar and plantar surfaces?
They can be altered through damage to the primary ridges
Which system utilizes the SAGEM morpho operating system for the storage, search, and retrieval of finger and palm print electronic images?
NAFIS
What is the primary effect of iodine fuming in developing latent prints?
To enhance the clarity and extra details of friction ridges
Study Notes
Fingerprint Patterns and Characteristics
- The uniqueness of fingerprint patterns is due to the random formation of volar pads during fetal development.
Fingerprint Anatomy
- Patterned ridges found on the skin are referred to as friction ridges.
- Friction ridges are separated by furrows, also known as sulci.
Fetal Development
- Volar formations begin to appear during the 12th week of fetal development.
Skin Composition
- The outermost layer of skin on human fingers, palms, toes, and soles is composed of keratinized skin.
Friction Ridges and Glands
- Eccrine glands produce sweat that helps to keep friction ridges moisturized, reducing friction.
Fingerprint Patterns
- A ulnar loop pattern has an angle to the left.
- A double whorl pattern has two deltas and one core.
- A plain arch pattern has ridges that flow in from one side and out the opposite side without deltas or core.
Forensic Science
- Naturally desiccated bodies can lead to mummification if the moisture content of tissues is below the level required for bacterial putrefaction.
- Sanding is a method of fingerprint alteration that temporarily flattens the friction ridges.
Genetic Disorders
- Adermatoglyphia is the inherited absence of epidermal ridges on the fingers or toes.
Fingerprint Deposition
- The lifespan of a fingerprint deposit is affected by factors such as temperature and humidity.
Fingerprint Patterns (continued)
- A radial loop pattern has ridges that flow upwards rather than forming whorls or loops.
- Latent prints are made in perspiration and are not readily visible until developed.
Forensic Databases
- The primary purpose of the Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) service in the USA is to store, search, and retrieve fingerprints.
Friction Ridge Analysis
- ACE-V stands for Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, and Verification.
- Friction ridges found on the palmar and plantar surfaces are characterized by being locally parallel.
Biometric Systems
- The MORPHO system utilizes the SAGEM morpho operating system for the storage, search, and retrieval of finger and palm print electronic images.
Fingerprint Development
- Iodine fuming develops latent prints by causing the latent print residue to react with the iodine crystals, making it visible.
Test your knowledge on fingerprints and their classification. Learn about friction ridges, common ridge shapes, and the types of prints found at crime scenes. Explore the principles of physical uniqueness and identification in fingerprint sciences.
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