40 Questions
Which material is preferred for most liquid filtration due to its chemical inertness and ability to withstand high temperatures?
Teflon
What is a primary characteristic of felts used as filter media?
High flow rate with low pressure drop
Which type of filter media provides good surfaces for cake filtration and is often used with filter aids?
Woven wire cloth
Which material is suitable for coarse straining in aseptic filtrations and is available for openings as small as 10 μm?
Nylon
Why are wire screens particularly recommended as support elements for disposable media?
High resistance to plugging
What types of materials are included in non-woven filter media besides felts?
Bonded fabrics and kraft papers
What factor influences the rate of filtration in cake filtration?
Volume of the filter cake solids per unit volume of filtrate
What happens when the filter medium becomes plugged or slimy with the accumulation of solids?
The flow of filtrate stops
What role does a filter aid play in the filtration process?
It screens out all solids, preventing them from plugging the filter medium
How does a higher concentration of solids in a suspension affect the void space in cake filtration?
Leads to bridging over of openings in the void space
How can the duration of a filtration cycle and clarity attained be controlled?
By adjusting the quantity, type, and particle size of the filter aid
What effect does poorly flocculated solids have on resistance in filtration compared to other solids?
They offer higher resistance due to lower porosity
What is the main feature of a disc filter?
Less floor space and low filtration cost
What influences the filtration rate in pressure filters?
Coarser particles and increased pressure
In what situations are plate and frame filter presses mainly used?
When the added value to the product is high
What is the main objective when a plate and frame filter press is operated in 'batch' mode?
Enhancing the clarity of the fluid
What does a plate and frame filter press assembly consist of?
Solid frames supporting filter media
Why are continuous filters less commonly used despite their availability?
Mechanical complexity and high cost due to cake removal difficulty
What is commonly used with funnels for gravity filtration in laboratories?
Filter paper
Which type of filters are greatly utilized in laboratory settings?
Suction filters
What type of filter bags are used in laboratory settings for gravity filtration?
Fabric bags
What is the most common medium for laboratory filtrations?
Circular filter papers
What restricts the use of glass beads or sand as gravity filters for certain operations in the laboratory?
Uncertainty of adequate clarification
What is generally used for small-scale laboratory operations and also known as filter sticks?
Immersion filter tubes
What is the primary principle behind ultrafiltration?
Selective molecular separation based on size
How does ultrafiltration differ from microfiltration?
Ultrafiltration removes dissolved molecules based on size; microfiltration removes particulates and bacteria.
How can a membrane be selected to achieve the separation of a solvent and a solute?
By allowing the solvent but not the solute to pass through
How are two solutes of different molecular sizes separated using ultrafiltration?
Choosing a membrane that allows the smaller molecule to pass through but holds back the larger one
How are the selectivity and retentivity of a membrane characterized?
By its molecular weight cut off
What is a significant application of ultrafiltration in the pharmaceutical industry?
Concentration of heat-labile products
What factor is considered when selecting the pore size for a filter medium in sterilizing filtration?
The largest particle to be removed
For a liquid with viscosity different from water, how is the initial flow rate estimation calculated?
The viscosity is divided by the flow rate of clean water
What is advised to ensure compatibility in filter selection with the liquid or gas to be filtered?
Checking chemical compatibility charts provided by vendors
What is the main consideration in achieving a balance between filter media and equipment capabilities according to the text?
Slurry characteristics and quality specifications
Why must a balance be achieved between filter media and equipment capabilities?
To meet a broad span of pharmaceutical requirements
In what type of filtration is a plate and frame filter or wovenfiber filter suitable according to the text?
Clarification filtration
What determines the required filtration surface area after establishing filter media, pore size, flow rate, and pressure differentials?
The size of the particles to be removed
What type of filtration requires selecting a pore size smaller than the smallest particle to be removed?
Sterilizing filtration
Which filtration process often employs a 0.2 μm pore size for effective operation?
Ultrafiltration
What aspect influences the choice between surface and depth filtration principles in batch pressure filters?
The slurry characteristics and final product quality specifications
Test your knowledge on filtration materials such as cotton, nylon, Teflon, and stainless steel. Learn about their suitability, strengths, and resistance properties for various filtration processes. This quiz covers information from Chapter 5 on Clarification and Filtration.
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