Clarification and Filtration
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Questions and Answers

Which material is preferred for most liquid filtration due to its chemical inertness and ability to withstand high temperatures?

  • Nylon
  • Stainless steel
  • Teflon (correct)
  • Cotton
  • What is a primary characteristic of felts used as filter media?

  • Low strength
  • High flow rate with low pressure drop (correct)
  • High pressure drop
  • Low flow rate
  • Which type of filter media provides good surfaces for cake filtration and is often used with filter aids?

  • Woven wire cloth (correct)
  • Non-woven filter media
  • Monofilament nylon cloth
  • Wire mesh filters
  • Which material is suitable for coarse straining in aseptic filtrations and is available for openings as small as 10 μm?

    <p>Nylon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are wire screens particularly recommended as support elements for disposable media?

    <p>High resistance to plugging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of materials are included in non-woven filter media besides felts?

    <p>Bonded fabrics and kraft papers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences the rate of filtration in cake filtration?

    <p>Volume of the filter cake solids per unit volume of filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the filter medium becomes plugged or slimy with the accumulation of solids?

    <p>The flow of filtrate stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a filter aid play in the filtration process?

    <p>It screens out all solids, preventing them from plugging the filter medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a higher concentration of solids in a suspension affect the void space in cake filtration?

    <p>Leads to bridging over of openings in the void space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the duration of a filtration cycle and clarity attained be controlled?

    <p>By adjusting the quantity, type, and particle size of the filter aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does poorly flocculated solids have on resistance in filtration compared to other solids?

    <p>They offer higher resistance due to lower porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of a disc filter?

    <p>Less floor space and low filtration cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the filtration rate in pressure filters?

    <p>Coarser particles and increased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situations are plate and frame filter presses mainly used?

    <p>When the added value to the product is high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective when a plate and frame filter press is operated in 'batch' mode?

    <p>Enhancing the clarity of the fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a plate and frame filter press assembly consist of?

    <p>Solid frames supporting filter media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are continuous filters less commonly used despite their availability?

    <p>Mechanical complexity and high cost due to cake removal difficulty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly used with funnels for gravity filtration in laboratories?

    <p>Filter paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of filters are greatly utilized in laboratory settings?

    <p>Suction filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of filter bags are used in laboratory settings for gravity filtration?

    <p>Fabric bags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common medium for laboratory filtrations?

    <p>Circular filter papers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What restricts the use of glass beads or sand as gravity filters for certain operations in the laboratory?

    <p>Uncertainty of adequate clarification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is generally used for small-scale laboratory operations and also known as filter sticks?

    <p>Immersion filter tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary principle behind ultrafiltration?

    <p>Selective molecular separation based on size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ultrafiltration differ from microfiltration?

    <p>Ultrafiltration removes dissolved molecules based on size; microfiltration removes particulates and bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a membrane be selected to achieve the separation of a solvent and a solute?

    <p>By allowing the solvent but not the solute to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are two solutes of different molecular sizes separated using ultrafiltration?

    <p>Choosing a membrane that allows the smaller molecule to pass through but holds back the larger one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the selectivity and retentivity of a membrane characterized?

    <p>By its molecular weight cut off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant application of ultrafiltration in the pharmaceutical industry?

    <p>Concentration of heat-labile products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is considered when selecting the pore size for a filter medium in sterilizing filtration?

    <p>The largest particle to be removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a liquid with viscosity different from water, how is the initial flow rate estimation calculated?

    <p>The viscosity is divided by the flow rate of clean water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is advised to ensure compatibility in filter selection with the liquid or gas to be filtered?

    <p>Checking chemical compatibility charts provided by vendors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consideration in achieving a balance between filter media and equipment capabilities according to the text?

    <p>Slurry characteristics and quality specifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must a balance be achieved between filter media and equipment capabilities?

    <p>To meet a broad span of pharmaceutical requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of filtration is a plate and frame filter or wovenfiber filter suitable according to the text?

    <p>Clarification filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the required filtration surface area after establishing filter media, pore size, flow rate, and pressure differentials?

    <p>The size of the particles to be removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of filtration requires selecting a pore size smaller than the smallest particle to be removed?

    <p>Sterilizing filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which filtration process often employs a 0.2 μm pore size for effective operation?

    <p>Ultrafiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect influences the choice between surface and depth filtration principles in batch pressure filters?

    <p>The slurry characteristics and final product quality specifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

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