Filter Media in Pharmacy

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What is the primary purpose of a filter medium in a clarification process?

To increase pressure drop
To reduce filtration resistance
To retain solids (correct)
To remove particles of a desired size

What is a desirable characteristic of a filter medium in cake filtration applications?

High bleeding of particles
Excessive plugging
Retention of solids without plugging (correct)
Variable resistance

Why is it essential for a filter medium to be chemically and physically inert?

To prevent contamination (correct)
To enhance mechanical strength
To reduce filtration resistance
To withstand high pressure

What type of materials are commonly used to weave filter fabrics?

Synthetic and natural fibers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when selecting a filter medium?

Past experience and technical services (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of ideal filter media in clarification applications?

Easy cake discharge (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of high flow rate filters?

Low pressure drop (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of filter is recommended for gelatinous solutions or fine particulate matter?

Felts of natural or synthetic material (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of ceramic cartridges?

Being cleanable for reuse by back-flushing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of prefiltration in membrane filtration?

To avoid rapid clogging of the membrane (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of surface-type cartridges in hydraulic lines?

Filtration of hydraulic lines in processing equipment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the selection of a membrane filter for a particular application?

Size of the particle or particles to be removed (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of solids require a precoat of filter aids on the drum prior to filtration?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of rotary disc filters?

Low floor space and low cost of filtration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What affects the filtration rate in pressure filters?

Only the properties of the slurry (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of pressure filters?

They are mechanically complex and expensive (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical solids content for precoat filters?

Less than 2–3% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the operating sequence of a disc filter similar to?

A drum filter (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of using a plate and frame filter press in 'batch' mode of operation?

To obtain a high degree of clarification of the fluid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the frame space in cake filtration?

It is critical for the size of the sludge collected (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of the filter press in terms of its material of construction?

It can be chosen to suit any process conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the filter press that makes it versatile?

The number and type of filter sheets can be varied to suit a particular requirement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the conduits in the plate and frame filter press?

To remove the filtrate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the disc filter?

It consists of felt or paper discs sealed into a pressure case (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ultrafiltration in the pharmaceutical industry?

To concentrate heat-labile products such as vaccines and immunoglobulins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between microfiltration and ultrafiltration?

Microfiltration removes bacteria, while ultrafiltration separates molecules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the selectivity and retentivity of a membrane?

Molecular weight cut off (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important application of ultrafiltration?

Removing pyrogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of ultrafiltration membranes?

They retain most macromolecules while allowing smaller molecules to pass through (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important feature of filtration systems?

They can be tested for integrity before and after each filtration (D) Signup and view all the answers