Filosofía Medieval y Renacimiento

Avicena's Thought

• Avicena (Ibn Sina) drew on the work of Aristotle in his philosophical reflections.
• For Avicena, existence precedes essence in a being.
• Hildegard von Bingen believed mystical illumination surpasses other forms of knowledge.

Averroes's Problem

• Averroes (Ibn Rusd) inherited Aristotle's concept of the agent intellect.
• A key concern was distinguishing between the agent and patient intellects in Aristotle's philosophy.
• Maimonides's "Guide for the Perplexed" addressed philosophical perplexities for Jewish thinkers.

Ockham's Razor

• William of Ockham proposed a principle of parsimony called Ockham's Razor.
• This principle suggests the simplest explanation is usually the best.
• Ockham held a view critical of papal authority.

Francisco de Vitoria and Indigenous Peoples

• Francisco de Vitoria argued for Indigenous peoples' right to their territories.
• He argued that invasion was only justified under specific circumstances.

Renaissance Significance

• The Renaissance emphasized the revival of classical learning after a period of decline.
• Philosophers attempted to reconcile ancient Greek philosophies with Christian thought.
• The period saw developments in understanding the relationship between faith and reason.

Franciscan Order

• The Franciscan order promoted a life dedicated to simplicity and poverty.
• They were a significant force throughout Europe and emphasized evangelical values.

Medieval Philosophy

• Medieval philosophy was characterized by a focus on the relationship between faith and reason.
• Philosophers worked within the framework of existing religious doctrines.
• Aristotle's philosophy was central to medieval thought.

Scholasticism Method

• Scholasticism used dialectic and critical questioning to address philosophical issues.
• One method involved starting with a specific question.
• In scholasticism, a topic was usually discussed through a process of questioning and answering

Nominalism

• Nominalism opposed the idea of universal forms existing independently of individual things.
• This theory suggested that concepts and universals only existed within the human mind.

Thomas Aquinas and Faith/Reason

• Thomas Aquinas attempted to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology.
• He sought to establish a relationship between faith and reason.
• He argued for harmony between faith and reason focusing on the compatibility of faith and reason to find common ground

Renaissance and Platonism

• During the Renaissance, some thinkers sought to revive Platonic philosophy.
• The focus of philosophy transitioned to human potential.

Machiavelli's Politics

• Machiavelli believed that political success often requires acting against traditional moral principles.
• He argued that the ruler's goal is to maintain and expand power (The Prince)
• A ruler must be clever, ruthless and understand the nature of human desires in order to be effective.

Rousseau and the General Will

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau emphasized popular sovereignty and the concept of the general will.
• In Rousseau's political theory he believed that the general will reflected the collective good of the community.

Hume's Empiricism

• David Hume's philosophy emphasized empiricism.
• Basing ideas on sensory experience.
• Hume questioned the reliability of causality and emphasized a skeptical perspective regarding certain forms of knowledge.
• Hume criticized the idea of causation as merely an observed pattern and not an inherent connection.

Hobbes and Human Nature

• Thomas Hobbes viewed human beings as inherently self-interested and prone to conflict.
• Hobbes emphasized the need for a strong, centralized government to maintain order.

Este cuestionario explora las ideas de pensadores medievales como Avicena y Averroes, así como el impacto de Ockham y Francisco de Vitoria en el pensamiento filosófico. Se discuten conceptos clave como la existencia y esencia, la inteligencia agente y los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Un desafío para los entusiastas de la filosofía antigua y medieval.