Film Formulations: Swelling and Drug Release Study

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Questions and Answers

What effect did borax-crosslinked guar gum have on drug release characteristics?

It accelerated the drug release rate.

It provided a slower release path due to increased viscosity. (correct)

It increased the initial burst release.

It made the drug release unpredictable.

Which crosslinking agent was reported to successfully improve the sustained release of EM?

Genipin

Borate ion (BA) (correct)

Disulfide

Glutaraldehyde

What was observed regarding the stability of EM-loaded films at different temperatures?

Stability was consistent across both room and fridge temperatures. (correct)

Higher temperatures improved drug stability.

Fridge temperature significantly increased degradation.

Room temperature showed better stability than fridge temperature.

How did the addition of polyethylene glycol 600 and glycerol affect the EM release profile?

They sustained the release after an initial burst. Signup and view all the answers

Which drug was found to be stable in the emulsified films for 75 days?

EM Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant comparison made using the aqueous drug solution in the study?

Its stability was worse than that of the polymer films. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of borate ion on drug stability?

Borate ion accelerates the degradation of many specific drugs. Signup and view all the answers

What was concluded about the initial burst release in crosslinked films?

It was minimized but still present in varied amounts. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the introduction of BA as a crosslinking agent have on drug release in the polymeric matrix?

It delays drug diffusion by increasing viscosity. Signup and view all the answers

How does the hydrophobic nature of EM affect its release from the polymeric matrix?

It leads to a prolonged drug release profile. Signup and view all the answers

What was observed regarding EM release rates at different temperatures?

The EM release rate was higher at 32 °C compared to 25 °C. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily affects drug diffusion from a polymeric matrix?

Degradation of the polymeric matrix and other parameters. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of EC-based drug formulations leads to slower drug release?

Hydrophobic nature of the polymeric carrier. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant observation about the drug release profiles of PB-EM.f and EB-EM.f compared to P-EM.f and E-EM.f?

They freed EM at a slower rate. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the presence of drug particles on the surface of films lead to an initial burst release?

The particles are unbound and easily washed away. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the solubility behavior of both the drug and polymer play in drug release?

Both contribute to the rate and mechanism of drug diffusion. Signup and view all the answers

What was the cumulative drug release for the PB-EM.F formulation in the first hour at 25 °C?

0.20 mg/mL Signup and view all the answers

Which formulation exhibited the highest rapid drug release in the first hour at 25 °C?

P-EM.F Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the sustained drug release observed in all formulations?

It reduces the frequency of administration. Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature is referred to as the simulated skin temperature in the study?

32 °C Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the drug release profile is described as desirable for the treatment of skin infections?

Sustained drug release after an initial rapid release Signup and view all the answers

In the context of drug formulation, which parameter was primarily measured to assess the drug release?

Cumulative drug release percentage Signup and view all the answers

How did the formulations behave after the initial release phase according to the study?

They transitioned to a sustained release phase. Signup and view all the answers

What was the cumulative drug release measured for E-EM.F at 25 °C in the first hour?

0.30 mg/mL Signup and view all the answers

What effect does temperature have on drug release as indicated in the study?

Higher temperature can enhance the release rate. Signup and view all the answers

What observation was made regarding the release profiles of the different formulations over time?

Each formulation exhibited unique release dynamics. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Swelling index

Swelling index was measured for the film formulations
The swelling index was measured for all formulations to assess the ability of the films to absorb water

Thickness

The thickness was measured for all film formulations
Thickness was measured to provide a physical characteristic of the film formulations

Drug Release

Drug release profiles of EM from different film formulations were studied
EM (emodin) was used as the model drug
The drug release studies were conducted in phosphate buffer at 25 °C and 32 °C
EM-loaded films were studied to investigate the controlled release of the drug, a characteristic that is advantageous for the treatment of skin infections
The cumulative EM release during the first hour was found to be 0.36, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.25 mg/mL for P-EM.F, PB-EM.F, E-EM.F, and EB-EM.F formulations, respectively
The higher temperature at 32 °C resulted in a faster rate of drug release for all formulations
The initial burst release of EM was observed to be caused by drug particles on the surface of the films
The EM release was slower from PB-EM.f and EB-EM.f films compared to P-EM.f and E-EM.f formulations due to the presence of BA (boric acid)
BA as a crosslinking agent resulted in a sustained release of the drug

Stability

The stability of the EM in the developed EM-loaded films was assessed at room temperature ( RT, 25 °C) and fridge temperature (FT, 4 °C) for 75 days
The stability of the control sample was found to be 97.2 ± 2.12% and 97.67 ± 1.49% at RT and FT, respectively, indicating that the drug was stable.
The EM was stable for 75 days in all the formulations at both investigated temperatures (RT and FT), suggesting that storage at low temperature was not required
BA did not show any negative effects on the EM stability, despite previous studies indicating potential degradation issues with certain drugs

In vitro antibacterial assay

The antimicrobial activity of the prepared films was investigated against methicillin-susceptible S.
The antimicrobial activity of the films was investigated to assess it's suitability for use against infections

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Description

This quiz focuses on the evaluation of film formulations, examining key parameters such as swelling index, thickness, and drug release profiles of emodin (EM) at varying temperatures. Understand how these characteristics influence the drug's controlled release, particularly for treating skin infections.