Filipino in Humanities and Social Sciences

Filipino in the Humanities, Social Sciences, and Related Fields

• This module discusses the use of Filipino in the Humanities and Social Sciences.
• It explores the status of Filipino as a language of instruction and research in these fields.
• It also examines the history and role of translation in developing the Filipino in related fields.

Objectives:

• Explain the relationship between strengthening the national language, solidifying collective identity, and national development.
• Develop Filipino as a medium for inter/multidisciplinary discourse and research rooted in Philippine realities.
• Practice reading and summarizing information from articles in the humanities and social sciences.

Language Situation in the Humanities and Social Sciences

• According to the bilingual education policy, Filipino should be used as the language of instruction in the humanities and social sciences.
• Many colleges/universities do not comply due to the strong influence of English in the educational system.
• Proficiency in English is believed to provide better job opportunities and socioeconomic advancement, hindering the development of Filipino.
• Some universities continue to enrich Filipino and follow the bilingual policy such as De La Salle, Ateneo, UP, and University of Sto. Tomas.
• They use Filipino in courses such as philosophy, political science, logic, economics, law, history, and literature.
• Scholars also conduct research and publish scholarly journals in Filipino such as Malay, Daluyan, Lagda, Hasaan & Kritika.
• The humanities has came earlier that the social sciences although they often overlap.
• Many theoretical and philosophical foundations of social sciences come from the humanities

Register

• Every field has a specific set of terms called REGISTER.
• These terms can have one exclusive meaning in one discipline.
• Terms can have multiple meanings across different disciplines.
• One meaning in two different disciplines due to the connection of the disciplines

Fields of Humanities

• The main goal of the Humanities is "not what people will do, but how to be human".
• It focuses on human thought, the human condition, and human culture.
• The humanities aims to make us truly human in the highest sense" (J. Irwin Miller).
• Education and the Humanities should be valued for developing our minds and society (Newton Lee).
• It includes Literature (Language, theater), Philosophy (Religion), Visual Arts (film, theater, dance).
• Also includes Applied Arts (graphics, Industry) and Liberal Arts (calligraphy, studio arts, art history).
• The humanities emerged as a reaction to scholasticism where people were prepared to be doctors, lawyers, etc.
• Kadalasang analytical, critical and speculative approaches are used to analyze text systematically and organized.
• Analytical approach is used to organize information into categories, parts, groups, types, and relationships.
• The critical approach is used for interpretation, argument, evaluation, and giving one's opinion on an idea.
• The speculative approach is used to identify scenarios, strategies, or methods of analysis, thinking, and writing.

Strategies in the Humanities

• Description, listing, chronology, cause and effect, comparison, etc.
• Writing forms:
  • Informational: factual information (biography, history article)
  • Descriptive: detailed description with critical analysis applied to literature and more
  • Process: explanation of a technique; results in arts and music

Imaginative and Persuasive

• Imaginative: Creative works (fiction, poetry)
• Persuasive: to convince the reader, requires evidence
• Subjective opinion is important in persuasion.

Fields of Social Science

• The Social Sciences is a field that studies humans, their activities and their life.
• It studies the implications as members of society through scientific approaches.
• Scientific approaches varies, through surveys, observation, etc
• Analysis is diachronic (historical) and synchronic (descriptive).
• The French Revolution (1789-1799) and the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) contributed to the development of Social Sciences.
• Figures include Diderot, Rousseau, Francis Bacon, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and many others.

Disciplines in Social Science

• Sociology: study of human behavior in society using empirical observation, qualitative, and quantitative methods.
• Psychology: study of human behavior: empirical observation.
• Linguistics: study of language as a system (nature, form, structure, variations).
  • Includes phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and grammar.
  • Uses descriptive and historical approaches to studying language characteristics.
• Anthropology: study of people in different periods.
  • Understands the complexities of cultures using participant observation.
• History: study past, current events through narrative approach.
• Geography: study of human society to understand the nature.
  • Uses quantitative and qualitative methods

More Social Science Disciplines

• Political Science: study of the state, government, politics, processes (analysis).
• Economics: study of production, distribution, consumption of services in a country (effects, crime, education).
• Area Studies: interdisciplinary study of a country/region (qualitative).
• Archeology: study of past through relics etc
• Religion: study of organized beliefs

Social Science Writing

• Differs from humanities as it is simple, direct, and argumentative.
• It is non-fiction in nature.
• Common forms include reports, essays, research papers, abstracts, news reports, ad materials, etc.

Social Science Writing Process

• Identify the genre.
• Identify the topic.
• Clarify topic.
• Determine methods of gathering data (interviews, media, research).
• Collect data, analyze, and write using logic.
• Use proper citations for references.

History and Role of Translation in Promoting Filipino

• Translation has played a role in the continued development of Filipino.
• Some religious and literary documents were translated during the Spanish.
• This intensified in the American era and strengthens today through Filipino intellect.

Pagsasalin

• Pagsasalin comes from Latin and Greek works.
• Translation involves skill and knowledge of linguistics and grammar with varying views.
• Key aspects include closest natural equivalent, message of the language of the source, equivalents of expressions, and text.
• Translation is a long process of understanding.

History of Translation

• Translation started with the Spanish colonization and conversion of Filipinos.
• Translation was difficult to do, given the different language families.
• To combat this, The Spanish translated books into Tagalog like the Catechism to spread of Christianity.
• Books on female morality were also written.
• The missionaries helped by writing grammatical books to study the country.

More Translation History

• The assignment of friars to different parts of the country helped spread Christianity more quickly.
• The Americans spread education and religious diversity and freely taught English.
• Filipinos have become more literate due to reading English works.
• Translations of different poems, plays, short stories, novels, and essays.

Translation Today

• Translation has increased to provide for modern means.
• The KWF continues the translation of books into the Filipino language.
• Its purpose is to show that Filipino can be used in science, technology and more.
• It improves Filipino by giving equivalents to popular works.
• To store knowledge and to increase Filipino usage.

Necessary traits

• Tagasalin wika must be bilingual
• Tagasalin Grammar must be understood
• Tagaslin Literature must be understood
• They must be able to translate their own ideas

Understanding Translation

• Bawat wika ay nakaugat sa kultura ng mga taong likas na gumagamit nito ( rooted)
• Bawat wika ay may kanya-kanyang natatanging kakanyahan
• Ang isang salin, upang maituring na mabuting salin ay kailangang maunawaan at tanggapin ng pinag-uukulang pangkat na gagamit nito

Antas ng Pagsasaling-Wika

• Karaniwang Salin - Gumagamit ng karaniwang mga pangungusap na madaling maunawaan ng karaniwang mambabasa.
• Pampanitikan - Mataas na uri ng pagsasaling-wika na nagpapahalaga sa timbang na bigat ng impormasyon at istilo ng pagkakasulat.
• Idyomatiko - Nagpapahalaga sa pragmatiks at simbolong kultural sa pagpili ng mga itinutumbas na salita.
• Teknikal at Pang-agham - Nakapokus sa ugnayan.
• Malikhain Pagsasalin - Pagpapahalaga.
• Mapanuring Pagsasalin - Nakatutok..

Paraan ng Pagsasalin

• Mga paraan ng pagsasali word for word Literal Matapat (Faithful)
  • Komunikatibo nagtatangkang maisalin - accurate contextual meaning of the original , the new language.
  • Adaptasyon - the content and subject are maintained